国经济近期出现通胀风险,有声音批评这可能是美国总统拜登推出的强经济刺激计划所导致。在此背景下,拜登当地时间5月27日呼吁,美国企业界应为劳动者提高工资。
当地时间2021年5月27日,美国总统拜登访问俄亥俄州,在克利夫兰就经济问题发表讲话。人民视觉 图
在拜登发表此番言论之前,美国劳工部5月12日发布的最新数据显示,美国4月消费者价格指数(CPI)同比增长4.2%,超出预期0.8个百分点;而非农业部门新增就业人数远低于市场预期。不少经济学家指出,当前美国的通胀风险比过去20年都严重。
分析认为,通胀压力大增而就业数据低迷,正动摇外界对强刺激有效提振经济的信心。由于美国政府刺激过度,边际效应正不断递减。还有一些共和党议员批评称,美国政府对家庭给予过多的财政补贴,这是阻碍劳动者重新进入劳动力市场的原因,而通胀也有可能失控。
在此背景下拜登提出,加薪是解决当前劳动力市场失调的一种方法,也是帮助低收入家庭应对通胀上升的一种方法。他在27日的讲话中表示,希望雇主彼此竞争(指加薪)以吸引工人,而不是让工人们互相争夺稀缺的工作。据报道,美国尽管仍有数百万人失业,但企业也面临用工短缺的局面。
一段时间以来,美国财政部长耶伦等官员一直在为拜登的经济政策发声,耶伦称“会有工具解决通胀的问题”,而美联储主席鲍威尔此前也表示通胀是“暂时的”。传统上认为,不可避免要在就业和通胀之间进行取舍权衡,如果美联储提高利率为通胀降温,经济增长会放缓而且就业岗位会减少。路透社指出,美联储无疑押注拜登的经济政策可以避免通胀和就业出现冲突。
在27日的国会众议院拨款委员会听证会上,耶伦重申,拜登的经济刺激方案不会引发高通胀问题。她指出,供应瓶颈和原材料短缺,加之经济是从新冠疫情期间非常低的基数水平反弹至现在水平,因此推高了通胀数据。“我预计这种情况还会持续几个月,一直到今年年底年通胀率都将保持在高位。”
《金融时报》指出,拜登的经济政策是成功还是失败,对于民主党在明年的中期选举中保持或扩大其在国会的多数席位至关重要。
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