
1930年,身处大萧条深渊之中,凯恩斯写下此文,展望100年后人类社会人类社会。显然,凯恩斯爵士低估了人类的经济成就,但却高估了道德水平。时下,“长期停滞”论再度成为热门话题,重温身处在长期停滞初期的凯恩斯的思考,或许有启发。因为,从长历史来看,理性乐观者胜利了。
现在,关于经济前景的悲观论调正不绝于耳。我们常常可以听到人们说,作为19世纪特征的经济突飞猛进的时代已经结束;而一度迅速提高的生活水平也开始放慢了脚步——无论如何至少在英国是如此;在未来十年中,经济的繁荣程度将会衰退而不是高涨。
本文的意图并不在于详细探讨当前或即将出现的情况,而在于使我们能够摆脱短浅的目光去眺望遥远的未来。对于100年后我们的经济生活水平,可以做出一些什么样的合理预期呢?我们的子孙后代在经济上会有一些什么样的可能发展前景呢?
从有史以来,比如说,从公元前2000年开始,到18世纪初期,生活在世界各个文明中心的人们的生活水平,并没有发生多大的变化。当然中间是时有起伏的。瘟疫、饥荒、战争等天灾人祸时有发生,其间还有若干短暂的繁荣时期,但总的来看,不存在渐进或激进的变化。一直到公元1700年为止的4000年间,某些时期的生活水平也许比别的时期要高上50%,但不会超过100%。
这种缓慢的发展速度,或者说发展的停滞,是由于两个原因——一是极其缺乏重大的技术革新,再就是未能进行资本积累。
从史前时期到比较晚近的时代这一漫长期间,始终缺乏重大的技术革新,这一现象确实是异乎寻常的。凡是在近代初期人们所拥有的那些真正至关重要的事物,几乎每一样都在历史的原始时期就已广为人知:语言,火,与我们今天一样的家畜,小麦、大麦、葡萄和橄榄,耕犁、车轮、桨、帆、皮革、麻布和织物,砖瓦和罐壶,黄金和白银,铜、锡和铅——铁是在公元前1000年前被发现的——银行学、治国术、数学、天文学和宗教。至于我们究竟是在什么时候首次开始拥有这些事物的,并没有确切的历史记载。
在史前的某些时期——也许是在最近一次冰河期以前某个比较安乐的间歇期——一定曾经有过一个充满进步和创新的时代,这个时代可以与我们现在所生活的时代相媲美。但是在整个有记载的历史的大部分时期,却未曾出现过类似的情形。
我认为近代时期是从资本积累开始的,而资本积累又始于16世纪。我相信——我不能在此详述其原因,以免喧宾夺主——这最初是由于西班牙把黄金财宝从新大陆带到旧大陆,从而引起了物价上涨,并带来了利润的增长。从那时起到今天,按复利计算的资本积累的力量,在仿佛沉睡了许多年以后,又苏醒过来并重新恢复了活力。而200年来复利的力量所起的巨大作用简直是超乎想象的。
为了能说明这一点,在此我给出一个我所作的计算。英国现在的对外投资总额估计大约有40亿镑,这每年能为我们带来大约6.5%的利息收入,这笔收入的半数,我们把它带回国享用;另一半,即3.25%的利息收入,则在国外按复利计算积累起来。这样的事我们已经进行了大约250年。
我认为英国对外投资的始端可追溯到1580年德雷克从西班牙盗窃的大批财宝。在那一年他带着从富庶的印度劫掠来的数量惊人的战利品回到了英国。
伊丽莎白女王是资助这次远征的辛迪加的一个大股东。她把自己所获得的一份用来清偿了英国的全部外债、平衡了自己的预算,最后手里还剩下4万镑。她又再把这4万镑投入到东方公司,这个公司也是生意兴隆,大发利市。东印度公司就是靠这个公司的利润起家的,而东印度公司这个巨型企业的利润又为日后英国的对外投资打下了基础。把4万镑按3.25%的复利累积起来,其数额恰巧与英国在各个时期对外投资的实际总额相差无几,算到今天这个数额总计应为40亿镑,而这就是我在前面已经引用过的英国目前对外投资的总额。因此,德雷克在1580年带回来的财宝中,每一镑现在已变成了10万镑。复利的力量就有如此之大!
从16世纪起,科学和技术发明的伟大时代开始了,在18世纪后这个势头日益强劲,而从19世纪初开始,更进入了鼎盛时期——煤炭、蒸汽、电力、石油、钢铁、橡胶、棉花,化学工业、自动机械、大规模生产的方法,无线电、印刷术,牛顿、达尔文和爱因斯坦,还有其他家喻户晓的人和物,成千上万,不可胜数。
那么这一切导致了什么样的后果呢?尽管世界人口有了巨大增长,同时这些人口还必须有相应的住房和机器设备与之相配合,但是我认为,欧洲和美国的平均生活水平还是提高了将近4倍。而资本的增长所达到的规模,比之于以前所知的任何时代,要远远超过上百倍,而且今后人口未必会再次出现如此巨大的增长。
如果资本每年增长,比方说2%,那么世界的基本固定资产将会在20年里增加50%,而在100年里将增加7.5倍。可以从物质方面,比如说住房、运输之类,来想象一下这种发展前景。
同时,近十年来,在工业和运输方面的技术改进,其速度也是前所未有的。美国1925年的人均工业产值比1919年提高了40%。在欧洲我们被暂时的障碍所阻滞,但即使如此,仍然可以肯定地说,技术效率的增长率总体上每年至少在1%以上。现在显而易见的是,尽管革命性的技术革新迄今主要是发生在工业领域,但很快将冲击到农业方面。粮食生产效率的进步,将与矿业、工业和运输业所取得的进步同样巨大,而我们也许正处在这种巨变的前夜。在好些年以后——即在我们自己这一代——也许可以只付出原来一向使用的人力的1/4,就能够完成在农业、矿业和工业上的操作了。
目前,这些变革的高速度正使我们苦恼不已,它们带来了不少有待解决的难题。那些不是处于进步队伍前列的国家,也遭受着同样的痛苦。一种新的疾病正在折磨着我们,某些读者也许还没有听说过它的名称,不过在今后几年内将听得不想再听——这种病叫做“由技术进步而引致的失业”。这意味着失业是由于我们发现节约劳动力使用的方法的速度远远超过了我们为劳动力开辟新用途的速度而造成的。
但这只是经济失调的暂时阶段。所有这一切都意味着,从长远看,人类终将解决其经济问题。我敢预言,100年后进步国家的生活水平将比现在高4-8倍。即使是根据我们现有的知识看,这也是在意料之中的。而且即使是作更乐观的估计,也并非异想天开。
为了便于讨论,且让我们设想,100年后所有我们这些人的经济境况平均要比现在好上8倍。毫无疑问,这对我们来说应该是不足为奇的。
现在可以肯定的是,人类的需要是永无止境的。不过,人类的需要可以分为两类——一类是绝对的需要,即是说,不管周围的其他人境况如何,我们都会感到这种需要的存在;另一类是相对的需要,即是说,只有当这种需要的满足能够使我们凌驾于他人之上,产生一种优越感时,我们才会觉察到这种需要的存在。这第二类需要,即满足优越感的需要,也许才真正是不知餍足的,因为当一般的水平有了提高之后,这种需要也会水涨船高。不过,绝对的需要也许将很快达到,其实现的时间也许要比我们大家所意识到的还要早得多,而当这些需要得到了满足,那时我们就愿意把精力投放到非经济的目的上去。
现在谈谈我的结论。我想,您对这个结论思考得越深入,就会发现它是越发的超乎想象、令人惊诧。
我得出的结论是,假定不发生大规模的战争,没有大规模的人口增长,那么,“经济问题”将可能在100年内获得解决,或者至少是可望获得解决。这意味着,如果我们展望未来,经济问题并不是“人类的永恒问题”。
您也许会问,为什么这样就让人惊诧?这的确值得令人惊奇。如果我们不是眺望未来,而是回首过去,就会发现,迄今为止,经济问题、生存竞争,一直是人类首要的、最紧迫的问题——不仅是人类,而且在整个生物界,从生命的最原始形式开始莫不如此。
因此,显而易见,我们是凭借我们的天性——包括我们所有的冲动和最深层的本能——为了解决经济问题而进化发展起来的。如果经济问题得以解决,那么人们就将失去他们传统的生存目的。
那么这对人类到底是福还是祸呢?如果你完全相信生命的真正价值,则这一远景至少为我们展示了从中获益的可能性。不过,那些经过无数代的培养,对于普通人来说已是根深蒂固的习惯和本能,要在几十年内加以悉数抛弃,以使我们脱胎换骨、面目一新,是难乎其难的。虑及这一点,我仍然不能不感到非常忧虑。
用我们今天的话说,这会不会引起普遍的“精神崩溃”呢?对此,我们已有了些许体会。我所说的这种精神崩溃现象在英国和美国富裕阶层的家庭妇女中,已是极为寻常。这些不幸的妇女,她们中的许多人被自己的财富剥夺了传统的任务和工作,由于经济上的必需这一刺激已经消失,所以她们从烹调、洒扫和缝补这类活动中已不能得到足够的快乐,而又难以找到更愉快的消遣。
对那些为了每日的面包而辛勤劳动的人来说,闲暇是一件令人向往的乐事;而当这种向往成为现实时,他们才发现原来是另一番滋味。
据说有这样一段墓志铭,是一位打杂女工为她自己写的:
别为我悲伤,
朋友们,
别为我哭泣。
现在我什么也不用干了,
而将永远永远地休息。
这就是她的天堂。如同其他渴望闲暇的人一样,她想象要是让别人来歌唱而她在一旁倾听,这样打发时光的方式将是多么美妙,因为在她的诗中还有这样两行:
天空中回荡着圣歌和甜美的音乐,
而我在一旁倾听,什么也不做。
然而,只有对那些不得不歌唱的人来说,生活才是差强人意的——可是我们当中又有几人真正能够放声歌唱呢!
因此,人类自从出现以来,第一次遇到了他真正的、永恒的问题——当从紧迫的经济束缚中解放出来以后,应该怎样来利用他的自由?科学和复利的力量将为他赢得闲暇,而他又该如何来消磨这段光阴,生活得更明智而惬意呢?
那些孜孜不倦、一心一意的图利者,也许会把我们大家带上通向经济丰裕的跑道。但当这种丰裕实现以后,只有这些人才能在这种丰裕中获得享受:他们不会为了生活的手段而出卖自己,能够使生活的艺术永葆青春,并将之发扬光大,提升到更高境界。
我认为,没有任何国家、任何民族,能够在期待这种多暇而丰裕时代的同时,不怀有丝毫的忧惧。在国内,长久以来,我们都是被训练着去奋斗而不是去享受。对那些没有特殊才能来寄托身心的普通人来说,这是件可怕的事,特别是当他再也不能在传统社会的温床和他所珍视的那些风俗习惯中找到自己的根基时,这个问题就显得尤为严重。从今天世界任何一个角落的富裕阶层的所作所为和取得的成就来看,解决这个问题的前景是非常黯淡的!因为这些人可以说是我们的先锋,他们在为我们探寻希望之地并在那里安营扎寨。他们中的绝大多数已经遭到了惨重的失败。所以在我看来,似乎只有那些有独立收入而又没有社会关系或职责来约束的人,才有可能解决这些困扰他们的问题。
在以后的许多年间,我们的劣根性仍然会如此的根深蒂固,所以,任何人如果想要生活得舒心畅意,那么他就必须得干一点工作。比起现在的富人们来,到那个时候我们将为自己多做些事。如果有些什么细小的任务要担当,或者有些日常琐事要料理,我们将感到非常高兴。不过当工作量超过这一限度时,我们将努力减轻每个人的负担,对于到那时仍然必须完成的一些工作,我们将尽可能广泛地进行分配。3小时一轮班或每周15小时的工作,也许会使上述问题在相当长一段时间内得以缓解。因为对我们大多数人来说,每天工作3小时,已足以使我们的劣根性获得满足。
此外,在其他领域也会发生变化,我们必须预料到这一点。当财富的积累不再具有高度的社会重要性时,我们原先的道德准则会发生重大变化。我们将可以摆脱200年来如噩梦般困扰我们的那些虚伪的道德原则,在这些伪道德原则下,我们一直把人类品性中某些最令人厌恶的东西抬举为最高尚的美德。到那时,对于金钱动机,我们将有胆量按照其真实的价值来加以评价。
对金钱的爱好作为一种占有欲——它区别于作为享受生活、应付现实的手段的那种对金钱的爱好——将被看作是某种可憎的病态,是一种半属犯罪、半属变态的性格倾向,人们不得不战战兢兢地把它交付给精神病专家去处理。那些影响财富分配和经济上的酬报和惩罚的各种社会习俗及经济惯例,不管它们本身可能是多么地令人憎恶、有失公平,由于它们对促进资本积累有极大的作用,因此现在我们得不惜一切代价加以维持;但是到那时我们将从中解放出来,并终将摒弃它们。
当然,到那时将仍然有不少人怀着强烈的、贪得无厌的意图,盲目地追求财富,除非他们能够找到某种可能的替代目的。不过,我们其余的人将不再有任何义务对这类意图表示赞许和鼓励。几乎所有的人都不同程度地被大自然赋予了这种“意图”,不过,到那时我们可以在比今天更为稳妥自如的情况下,更加细致深入地探索这种“意图”的真正性质。所谓意图,其含义是,我们更关心自己的行动在遥远的将来所导致的结果,而非行动本身的性质和对我们自己周围环境的直接影响。那些“有意图”的人,总是企图通过把他们对行动的兴趣向后推延来确保他们的行动具有一种假想的和虚妄的永恒性。他所喜欢的并不是他的猫,而是他的猫所生的小猫;实际上,他喜欢的也不是小猫,而是小猫的小猫。这样无穷无尽地递推下去,到最后,他所追求的不过是抽象的“猫”的概念。对他来说,果酱并不是果酱,即决不是今天这听实实在在的果酱,而是想象中的明天的那听果酱。因此,通过把他的果酱不断地推向未来,他竭力想要从他的行动中升华出一种永恒性来。
让我们回忆一下《西尔维亚和布鲁诺》中的那位教授:
门外的人低声下气地说:“只是一个裁缝,先生,是来收账的。”
“啊,我可以很快解决他的事情,”教授对他的孩子们说,“你们只需等一小会儿。今年的账是多少,我的朋友?”他正说着,裁缝已经走了进来。
“你晓得,这笔账是每年翻一番的,现在已经这么多年了,”裁缝有点生硬地回答道,“我现在就想拿到现钱。已经有2000镑了!”
“喔,这不算什么!”教授满不在乎地说,一边在口袋里摸索着,仿佛他总是随身带着那样数目的一笔款子似的。“不过,如果你愿意的话,为什么不再等上一年,让它滚成4000镑呢?想想看,那时你会多么富裕!要是你愿意,你简直可以成为一个‘国王’!”
“我可不清楚我是不是想成为国王,”裁缝若有所思地说,“不过这笔款子听起来的确数目不小!好吧,我看我还是等一等吧……”
“你当然会这么办的!”教授说,“我知道,你是个精明的人。再见,我的朋友!”
“你真的打算付给他4000镑吗?”等那个债主离去,关上门以后,西尔维亚问。
“那怎么会,我的孩子!”教授毫不犹豫地回答,“他会让这笔钱一直滚下去,直到他死为止。你看,只要再等上一年,这笔钱就会变成现在的两倍,这件事总是值得去做的啊!”
我们这个民族,曾经不遗余力地让“不朽”的允诺成为自己宗教的核心和本质,但同时又最热衷于对复利原则的运用,并且对这一“最有意图性”的人类制度抱有特殊的眷恋之情,这一现象也许不是偶然的。
因此,我认为当达到这一丰裕而多暇的境地之后,我们将重新抬起宗教和传统美德中最为确凿可靠的那些原则——以为贪婪是一种恶癖,高利盘剥是一种罪行,爱好金钱是令人憎恶的。而那些真正走上德行美好、心智健全的正道的人,他们对未来的顾虑是最少的。我们将再次重视目的甚于手段,更看重事物的有益性而不是有用性。我们将尊崇这样一些人,他们能够教导我们如何分分秒秒都过得充实而美好,这些心情愉快的人能够从事物中获得直接的乐趣,既不劳碌如牛马,也不虚度岁月,逍遥如神仙中人。
可是要注意!谈论上面所说的这一切现在还为时尚早,至少还得等上100年。而现在我们必须自欺欺人地把美的说成丑的,丑的说成美的,只是因为丑的有用而美的不能带来实惠。在相当长一段时期内,我们仍然还得把贪婪、高利盘剥和谨慎奉为神明。因为只有这些才能把我们从经济必要性的沼泽中带出,走上康庄大道。
因此,我盼望在不太遥远的将来,整个人类的物质生活条件能够发生前所未有的巨变。不过,当然这个巨变将是渐进的,而不会一蹴而就。实际上,这个巨变现在已经拉开了序幕。这一变化的进程将只是意味着,那些经济必需问题已经得到实际解决的阶层和集团的人数会越来越多。当这种状况有了普遍的发展从而使得“对邻人之爱”的性质发生变化之后,我们就会认识到其间的关键性差别。因为当经济上的意图对你来说已不再是合情合理的时候,对别人却可能仍旧是理所当然的。
我们迈向经济上的这一极乐境地的速度,取决于以下四个因素——我们对人心的控制力量,避免战争和内证的决心,把理应属于科学领域的事务交付给科学来处理的自觉意愿,以及由生产和消费之间的差额所决定的积累的速度。只要前三者不出问题,最后一点也就会迎刃而解。
我们在进行经济性目的活动的同时,也应当提高生活的艺术水平,并进行一些试验来为我们的终极目标作些适当的准备,我看这是没有什么坏处的。
但首要的一点是,我们不能过高估计经济问题的重要性,不能为了它假想的必要性而在其他具有更重大、更持久意义的事情上作牺牲。经济问题应该成为由专家来处理的事务——就像牙病应由牙医来处理一样。如果经济学家们能够做出努力,使得社会把他们看成是平凡而又胜任其职的人,就像牙医的地位一样,那就再好不过了!

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Chile’s President Boric leads journey to South Pole in historic trip
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Chile’s President Gabriel Boric travelled to Antarctica’s South Pole on Friday, a place where no other Latin American president has set foot, according to the Chilean government.
Boric led the historic two-day trip, named Operation Pole Star III, to extend the environmental monitoring of pollutants on Antarctica, Chile’s government said in a statement.
He travelled with scientists, armed forces commanders and government ministers from the Chilean capital of Santiago to Punta Arenas, a city in southern Chile, public broadcaster Television Nacional de Chile (TVN) reported. From there, they made several stops before finally reaching the US-run Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, according to TVN.
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Chile is one of seven countries that has a territorial claim in Antarctica, alongside Argentina, Australia, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom.
It is also a signatory of the Antarctic Treaty, which dictates that the continent may only be used for peaceful and scientific purposes.
While Chile has historically carried out scientific activity in Antarctica’s northern sector, the country’s government is now hoping to expand research into the west of the continent, its statement said.
Boric called his trip to the South Pole an “honor” and a source of pride, TVN reported.
“This is a milestone for us. It is the first time a Chilean and Latin American President has visited the South Pole,” he said, according to TVN.
New Glenn’s first flight
Blue Origin formally announced the development of New Glenn — which aims to outpower SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rockets and haul spacecraft up to 45 metric tons (99,200 pounds) to orbit — in 2016.
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The vehicle is long overdue, as the company previously targeted 2020 for its first launch.
Delays, however, are common in the aerospace industry. And the debut flight of a new vehicle is almost always significantly behind schedule.
Rocket companies also typically take a conservative approach to the first liftoff, launching dummy payloads such as hunks of metal or, as was the case with SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy debut in 2018, an old cherry red sports car.
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Blue Origin has also branded itself as a company that aims to take a slow, diligent approach to rocket development that doesn’t “cut any corners,” according to Bezos, who founded Blue Origin and funds the company.
The company’s mascot is a tortoise, paying homage to “The Tortoise and the Hare” fable that made the “slow and steady wins the race” mantra a childhood staple.
“We believe slow is smooth and smooth is fast,” Bezos said in 2016. Those comments could be seen as an attempt to position Blue Origin as the anti-SpaceX, which is known to embrace speed and trial-and-error over slow, meticulous development processes.
But SpaceX has certainly won the race to orbit. The company’s first orbital rocket, the Falcon 1, made a successful launch in September 2008. The company has deployed hundreds of missions to orbit since then.
And while SpaceX routinely destroys rockets during test flights as it begins developing a new rocket, the company has a solid track record for operational missions. SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket, for example, has experienced two in-flight failures and one launchpad explosion but no catastrophic events during human missions.
Most plane crashes are ‘survivable’
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First, the good news. “The vast majority of aircraft accidents are survivable, and the majority of people in accidents survive,” says Galea. Since 1988, aircraft — and the seats inside them — must be built to withstand an impact of up to 16G, or g-force up to 16 times the force of gravity. That means, he says, that in most incidents, “it’s possible to survive the trauma of the impact of the crash.”
For instance, he classes the initial Jeju Air incident as survivable — an assumed bird strike, engine loss and belly landing on the runway, without functioning landing gear. “Had it not smashed into the concrete reinforced obstacle at the end of the runway, it’s quite possible the majority, if not everyone, could have survived,” he says.
The Azerbaijan Airlines crash, on the other hand, he classes as a non-survivable accident, and calls it a “miracle” that anyone made it out alive.
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Most aircraft involved in accidents, however, are not — as suspicion is growing over the Azerbaijan crash — shot out of the sky.
And with modern planes built to withstand impacts and slow the spread of fire, Galea puts the chances of surviving a “survivable” accident at at least 90%.
Instead, he says, what makes the difference between life and death in most modern accidents is how fast passengers can evacuate.
Aircraft today must show that they can be evacuated in 90 seconds in order to gain certification. But a theoretical evacuation — practiced with volunteers at the manufacturers’ premises — is very different from the reality of a panicked public onboard a jet that has just crash-landed.
Galea, an evacuation expert, has conducted research for the UK’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) looking at the most “survivable” seats on a plane. His landmark research, conducted over several years in the early 2000s, looked at how passengers and crew behaved during a post-crash evacuation, rather than looking at the crashes themselves. By compiling data from 1,917 passengers and 155 crew involved in 105 accidents from 1977 to 1999, his team created a database of human behavior around plane crashes.
His analysis of which exits passengers actually used “shattered many myths about aircraft evacuation,” he says. “Prior to my study, it was believed that passengers tend to use their boarding exit because it was the most familiar, and that passengers tend to go forward. My analysis of the data demonstrated that none of these myths were supported by the evidence.”
Scientists have identified an estimated 10% of all species on Earth. Here’s what they found in 2024
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A toothy toadstool. A vegetarian piranha with a distinctive mark. And a pygmy pipehorse floating in the Indian Ocean shallows.
These wild wonders were among the hundreds of previously unknown species of animals, plants and fungi that scientists named and described for the first time in 2024, expanding our surprisingly limited knowledge of Earth’s diversity.
“Scientists estimate that we’ve identified only one-tenth of all species on Earth,” said Dr.
Shannon Bennett, chief of science at the California Academy of Sciences, in a statement.
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“While it is critical to place protections on known threatened species, we must also allocate resources towards identifying unknown species that may be just as important to the functioning of an ecosystem,” Bennett said.
Researchers connected to the institution described 138 new species in 2024, including 32 fish. One standout was a pygmy pipehorse named Cylix nkosi. The seahorse relative was originally found in 2021 in the cool temperate waters surrounding the North Island of New Zealand, but the species described this year was discovered in the subtropical waters off South Africa, expanding the known range of this group to the Indian Ocean
“South African reefs present notoriously difficult diving conditions with rough weather and intense, choppy waves — we knew we only had one dive to find it,” underwater photographer and marine biologist Richard Smith said in a statement.
“This species is also quite cryptic, about the size of a golf tee, but luckily we spotted a female camouflaged against some sponges about a mile offshore on the sandy ocean floor.”
The researchers involved in describing the new species chose nkosi as its name. A reference to the local Zulu word for “chief,” the name reflects the species’ crown-like head shape and acknowledges South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province where it was found.
A year ago today, things went from bad to worse for Boeing
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At 5 p.m. PT on January 5, 2024, Boeing seemed like a company on the upswing. It didn’t last. Minutes later, a near-tragedy set off a full year of problems.
As Alaska Airlines flight 1282 climbed to 16,000 feet in its departure from Portland, Oregon, a door plug blew out near the rear of the plane, leaving a gaping hole in the fuselage. Phones and clothing were ripped away from passengers and sent hurtling into the night sky. Oxygen masks dropped, and the rush of air twisted seats next to the hole toward the opening.
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Fortunately, those were among the few empty seats on the flight, and the crew got the plane on the ground without any serious injuries. The incident could have been far worse — even a fatal crash.
Not much has gone right for Boeing ever since. The company has had one misstep after another, ranging from embarrassing to horrifying. And many of the problems are poised to extend into 2025 and perhaps beyond.
The problems were capped by another Boeing crash in South Korea that killed 179 people on December 29 in what was in the year’s worst aviation disaster. The cause of the crash of a 15-year old Boeing jet flown by Korean discount carrier Jeju Air is still under investigation, and it is quite possible that Boeing will not be found liable for anything that led to the tragedy.
But unlike the Jeju crash, most of the problems of the last 12 months have clearly been Boeing’s fault.
And 2024 was the sixth straight year of serious problems for the once proud, now embattled company, starting with the 20-month grounding of its best selling plane, the 737 Max, following two fatal crashes in late 2018 and early 2019, which killed 346 people.
Still the outlook for 2024 right before the Alaska Air incident had been somewhat promising. The company had just achieved the best sales month in its history in December 2023, capping its strongest sales year since 2018.
It was believed to be on the verge of getting Federal Aviation Administration approval for two new models, the 737 Max 7 and Max 10, with airline customers eager to take delivery. Approvals and deliveries of its next generation widebody, the 777X, were believed to be close behind. Its production rate had been climbing and there were hopes that it could be on the verge of returning to profitability for the first time since 2018.
The survivors of recent crashes were sitting at the back of the plane. What does that tell us about airplane safety?
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Look at the photos of the two fatal air crashes of the last two weeks, and amid the horror and the anguish, one thought might come to mind for frequent flyers.
The old frequent-flyer adage is that sitting at the back of the plane is a safer place to be than at the front — and the wreckage of both Azerbaijan Airlines flight 8243 and Jeju Air flight 2216 seem to bear that out.
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The 29 survivors of the Azeri crash were all sitting at the back of the plane, which split into two, leaving the rear half largely intact. The sole survivors of the South Korean crash, meanwhile, were the two flight attendants in their jumpseats in the very tail of the plane.
So is that old adage — and the dark humor jokes about first and business class seats being good until there’s a problem with the plane — right after all?
In 2015, TIME Magazine reporters wrote that they had combed through the records of all US plane crashes with both fatalities and survivors from 1985 to 2000, and found in a meta-analysis that seats in the back third of the aircraft had a 32% fatality rate overall, compared with 38% in the front third and 39% in the middle third.
Even better, they found, were middle seats in that back third of the cabin, with a 28% fatality rate. The “worst” seats were aisles in the middle third of the aircraft, with a 44% fatality rate.
But does that still hold true in 2024?
According to aviation safety experts, it’s an old wives’ tale.
“There isn’t any data that shows a correlation of seating to survivability,” says Hassan Shahidi, president of the Flight Safety Foundation. “Every accident is different.”
“If we’re talking about a fatal crash, then there is almost no difference where one sits,” says Cheng-Lung Wu, associate professor at the School of Aviation of the University of New South Wales, Sydney.
Ed Galea, professor of fire safety engineering at London’s University of Greenwich, who has conducted landmark studies on plane crash evacuations, warns, “There is no magic safest seat.”
What New Glenn will do
In some ways, New Glenn has already made its mark on the launch industry. Blue Origin has for years pitched the rocket to compete with both SpaceX and United Launch Alliance — a joint venture of Boeing and Lockheed Martin that buys engines from Blue Origin — for lucrative military launch contracts.
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The US Space Force selected Blue Origin, ULA and SpaceX in June to compete for $5.6 billion worth of Pentagon contracts for national security missions slated to launch over the next four years.
Blue Origin also has deals with several commercial companies to launch satellites. The contracts include plans to help deploy Amazon’s Kuiper internet satellites and a recently inked deal with AST SpaceMobile to help launch the Midland, Texas-based company’s space-based cellular broadband network.
New Glenn could also be instrumental in building Blue Origin’s planned space station, called Orbital Reef. Blue Origin and it commercial partners, including Sierra Space and Boeing, among others, hope the station will one day provide a new destination for astronauts as the International Space Station is phased out of service.
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New Glenn vs. other powerful rockets
New Glenn packs significant power. Dubbed a “heavy-lift” vehicle, its capabilities lie between SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket and the more powerful Falcon Heavy launch vehicle.
SpaceX’s workhorse Falcon 9, for example, can haul up to 22.8 metric tons (50,265 pounds) to space. While New Glenn is capable of carrying about double that mass, it may also be roughly the same price as a Falcon 9: reportedly around $60 million to $70 million per launch.
“I think in order to compete with Falcon 9, you have to go head-to-head or better on price,” said Caleb Henry, the director of research at Quilty Space, which provides data and analysis about the space sector.
The question, however, is whether Blue Origin will be able to sustain a competitive price point, Henry added.
Still, one feature that makes New Glenn stand out is its large payload fairing, or nose cone. The component protects the cargo bay and is a whopping 23 feet (7 meters) wide — nearly 6 feet (2 meters) larger than that of SpaceX’s Falcon 9 or Falcon Heavy.
Henry said Blue Origin likely opted to outfit New Glenn with such a large fairing in order to help fulfill Bezos’ vision of the future.
What’s on board this flight
Blue Origin had planned to launch a pair of Mars-bound satellites on behalf of NASA for the first flight of New Glenn.
But delays with the rocket’s development prompted the space agency to change course, moving that flight to this spring at the earliest. So for this inaugural flight, Blue Origin opted to instead fly a “demonstrator” that will test technology needed for the company’s proposed Blue Ring spacecraft — which will aim to serve as a sort of in-space rideshare vehicle, dragging satellites deeper into space when needed.
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The demonstrator on this New Glenn flight will remain aboard the rocket for the entire six-hour flight, Blue Origin said, and it will validate “communications capabilities from orbit to ground” as well as “test its in-space telemetry, tracking and command hardware, and ground-based radiometric tracking.”
The Blue Ring Pathfinder demonstrator is part of a deal Blue Origin inked with the US Department of Defense’s Defense Innovation Unit.
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Why Blue Origin wants to reuse rockets
Similar to SpaceX, Blue Origin is aiming to recover and refly its first-stage rocket boosters in a bid to make launches less expensive.
“Reusability is integral to radically reducing cost-per-launch,” the company said in a recent news release, using the same oft-repeated sentiment that SpaceX has touted since it began landing rocket boosters in 2015.
Bezos, however, has acknowledged the importance of reusing rocket parts since he founded the company in 2000 — two years before Musk established SpaceX. And the company has already developed its suborbital New Shepard tourism rocket to be reusable.
“It’s not a copy cat game,” Henry said. “Blue Origin has been pursuing reusable vehicles since before reusable vehicles were cool. Now it’s much more of a mainstream idea (because of SpaceX). The difference is that it’s taken Blue Origin so much longer to get to orbit.”
If successful, returning the New Glenn rocket booster for a safe landing will be a stunning feat. After expending most of its fuel to propel the rocket’s upper stage to space, the first-stage booster will need to make a clean separation. The booster must then maneuver with pinpoint guidance and reignite its engines with precision timing to avoid crashing into the ocean or the Jacklyn recovery platform.
The survivors of recent crashes were sitting at the back of the plane. What does that tell us about airplane safety?
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Look at the photos of the two fatal air crashes of the last two weeks, and amid the horror and the anguish, one thought might come to mind for frequent flyers.
The old frequent-flyer adage is that sitting at the back of the plane is a safer place to be than at the front — and the wreckage of both Azerbaijan Airlines flight 8243 and Jeju Air flight 2216 seem to bear that out.
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The 29 survivors of the Azeri crash were all sitting at the back of the plane, which split into two, leaving the rear half largely intact. The sole survivors of the South Korean crash, meanwhile, were the two flight attendants in their jumpseats in the very tail of the plane.
So is that old adage — and the dark humor jokes about first and business class seats being good until there’s a problem with the plane — right after all?
In 2015, TIME Magazine reporters wrote that they had combed through the records of all US plane crashes with both fatalities and survivors from 1985 to 2000, and found in a meta-analysis that seats in the back third of the aircraft had a 32% fatality rate overall, compared with 38% in the front third and 39% in the middle third.
Even better, they found, were middle seats in that back third of the cabin, with a 28% fatality rate. The “worst” seats were aisles in the middle third of the aircraft, with a 44% fatality rate.
But does that still hold true in 2024?
According to aviation safety experts, it’s an old wives’ tale.
“There isn’t any data that shows a correlation of seating to survivability,” says Hassan Shahidi, president of the Flight Safety Foundation. “Every accident is different.”
“If we’re talking about a fatal crash, then there is almost no difference where one sits,” says Cheng-Lung Wu, associate professor at the School of Aviation of the University of New South Wales, Sydney.
Ed Galea, professor of fire safety engineering at London’s University of Greenwich, who has conducted landmark studies on plane crash evacuations, warns, “There is no magic safest seat.”
Scientists have identified an estimated 10% of all species on Earth. Here’s what they found in 2024
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A toothy toadstool. A vegetarian piranha with a distinctive mark. And a pygmy pipehorse floating in the Indian Ocean shallows.
These wild wonders were among the hundreds of previously unknown species of animals, plants and fungi that scientists named and described for the first time in 2024, expanding our surprisingly limited knowledge of Earth’s diversity.
“Scientists estimate that we’ve identified only one-tenth of all species on Earth,” said Dr.
Shannon Bennett, chief of science at the California Academy of Sciences, in a statement.
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“While it is critical to place protections on known threatened species, we must also allocate resources towards identifying unknown species that may be just as important to the functioning of an ecosystem,” Bennett said.
Researchers connected to the institution described 138 new species in 2024, including 32 fish. One standout was a pygmy pipehorse named Cylix nkosi. The seahorse relative was originally found in 2021 in the cool temperate waters surrounding the North Island of New Zealand, but the species described this year was discovered in the subtropical waters off South Africa, expanding the known range of this group to the Indian Ocean
“South African reefs present notoriously difficult diving conditions with rough weather and intense, choppy waves — we knew we only had one dive to find it,” underwater photographer and marine biologist Richard Smith said in a statement.
“This species is also quite cryptic, about the size of a golf tee, but luckily we spotted a female camouflaged against some sponges about a mile offshore on the sandy ocean floor.”
The researchers involved in describing the new species chose nkosi as its name. A reference to the local Zulu word for “chief,” the name reflects the species’ crown-like head shape and acknowledges South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province where it was found.
Most plane crashes are ‘survivable’
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First, the good news. “The vast majority of aircraft accidents are survivable, and the majority of people in accidents survive,” says Galea. Since 1988, aircraft — and the seats inside them — must be built to withstand an impact of up to 16G, or g-force up to 16 times the force of gravity. That means, he says, that in most incidents, “it’s possible to survive the trauma of the impact of the crash.”
For instance, he classes the initial Jeju Air incident as survivable — an assumed bird strike, engine loss and belly landing on the runway, without functioning landing gear. “Had it not smashed into the concrete reinforced obstacle at the end of the runway, it’s quite possible the majority, if not everyone, could have survived,” he says.
The Azerbaijan Airlines crash, on the other hand, he classes as a non-survivable accident, and calls it a “miracle” that anyone made it out alive.
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Most aircraft involved in accidents, however, are not — as suspicion is growing over the Azerbaijan crash — shot out of the sky.
And with modern planes built to withstand impacts and slow the spread of fire, Galea puts the chances of surviving a “survivable” accident at at least 90%.
Instead, he says, what makes the difference between life and death in most modern accidents is how fast passengers can evacuate.
Aircraft today must show that they can be evacuated in 90 seconds in order to gain certification. But a theoretical evacuation — practiced with volunteers at the manufacturers’ premises — is very different from the reality of a panicked public onboard a jet that has just crash-landed.
Galea, an evacuation expert, has conducted research for the UK’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) looking at the most “survivable” seats on a plane. His landmark research, conducted over several years in the early 2000s, looked at how passengers and crew behaved during a post-crash evacuation, rather than looking at the crashes themselves. By compiling data from 1,917 passengers and 155 crew involved in 105 accidents from 1977 to 1999, his team created a database of human behavior around plane crashes.
His analysis of which exits passengers actually used “shattered many myths about aircraft evacuation,” he says. “Prior to my study, it was believed that passengers tend to use their boarding exit because it was the most familiar, and that passengers tend to go forward. My analysis of the data demonstrated that none of these myths were supported by the evidence.”
New Glenn’s first flight
Blue Origin formally announced the development of New Glenn — which aims to outpower SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rockets and haul spacecraft up to 45 metric tons (99,200 pounds) to orbit — in 2016.
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The vehicle is long overdue, as the company previously targeted 2020 for its first launch.
Delays, however, are common in the aerospace industry. And the debut flight of a new vehicle is almost always significantly behind schedule.
Rocket companies also typically take a conservative approach to the first liftoff, launching dummy payloads such as hunks of metal or, as was the case with SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy debut in 2018, an old cherry red sports car.
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Blue Origin has also branded itself as a company that aims to take a slow, diligent approach to rocket development that doesn’t “cut any corners,” according to Bezos, who founded Blue Origin and funds the company.
The company’s mascot is a tortoise, paying homage to “The Tortoise and the Hare” fable that made the “slow and steady wins the race” mantra a childhood staple.
“We believe slow is smooth and smooth is fast,” Bezos said in 2016. Those comments could be seen as an attempt to position Blue Origin as the anti-SpaceX, which is known to embrace speed and trial-and-error over slow, meticulous development processes.
But SpaceX has certainly won the race to orbit. The company’s first orbital rocket, the Falcon 1, made a successful launch in September 2008. The company has deployed hundreds of missions to orbit since then.
And while SpaceX routinely destroys rockets during test flights as it begins developing a new rocket, the company has a solid track record for operational missions. SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket, for example, has experienced two in-flight failures and one launchpad explosion but no catastrophic events during human missions.
A year ago today, things went from bad to worse for Boeing
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At 5 p.m. PT on January 5, 2024, Boeing seemed like a company on the upswing. It didn’t last. Minutes later, a near-tragedy set off a full year of problems.
As Alaska Airlines flight 1282 climbed to 16,000 feet in its departure from Portland, Oregon, a door plug blew out near the rear of the plane, leaving a gaping hole in the fuselage. Phones and clothing were ripped away from passengers and sent hurtling into the night sky. Oxygen masks dropped, and the rush of air twisted seats next to the hole toward the opening.
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Fortunately, those were among the few empty seats on the flight, and the crew got the plane on the ground without any serious injuries. The incident could have been far worse — even a fatal crash.
Not much has gone right for Boeing ever since. The company has had one misstep after another, ranging from embarrassing to horrifying. And many of the problems are poised to extend into 2025 and perhaps beyond.
The problems were capped by another Boeing crash in South Korea that killed 179 people on December 29 in what was in the year’s worst aviation disaster. The cause of the crash of a 15-year old Boeing jet flown by Korean discount carrier Jeju Air is still under investigation, and it is quite possible that Boeing will not be found liable for anything that led to the tragedy.
But unlike the Jeju crash, most of the problems of the last 12 months have clearly been Boeing’s fault.
And 2024 was the sixth straight year of serious problems for the once proud, now embattled company, starting with the 20-month grounding of its best selling plane, the 737 Max, following two fatal crashes in late 2018 and early 2019, which killed 346 people.
Still the outlook for 2024 right before the Alaska Air incident had been somewhat promising. The company had just achieved the best sales month in its history in December 2023, capping its strongest sales year since 2018.
It was believed to be on the verge of getting Federal Aviation Administration approval for two new models, the 737 Max 7 and Max 10, with airline customers eager to take delivery. Approvals and deliveries of its next generation widebody, the 777X, were believed to be close behind. Its production rate had been climbing and there were hopes that it could be on the verge of returning to profitability for the first time since 2018.
Scientists have identified an estimated 10% of all species on Earth. Here’s what they found in 2024
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A toothy toadstool. A vegetarian piranha with a distinctive mark. And a pygmy pipehorse floating in the Indian Ocean shallows.
These wild wonders were among the hundreds of previously unknown species of animals, plants and fungi that scientists named and described for the first time in 2024, expanding our surprisingly limited knowledge of Earth’s diversity.
“Scientists estimate that we’ve identified only one-tenth of all species on Earth,” said Dr.
Shannon Bennett, chief of science at the California Academy of Sciences, in a statement.
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“While it is critical to place protections on known threatened species, we must also allocate resources towards identifying unknown species that may be just as important to the functioning of an ecosystem,” Bennett said.
Researchers connected to the institution described 138 new species in 2024, including 32 fish. One standout was a pygmy pipehorse named Cylix nkosi. The seahorse relative was originally found in 2021 in the cool temperate waters surrounding the North Island of New Zealand, but the species described this year was discovered in the subtropical waters off South Africa, expanding the known range of this group to the Indian Ocean
“South African reefs present notoriously difficult diving conditions with rough weather and intense, choppy waves — we knew we only had one dive to find it,” underwater photographer and marine biologist Richard Smith said in a statement.
“This species is also quite cryptic, about the size of a golf tee, but luckily we spotted a female camouflaged against some sponges about a mile offshore on the sandy ocean floor.”
The researchers involved in describing the new species chose nkosi as its name. A reference to the local Zulu word for “chief,” the name reflects the species’ crown-like head shape and acknowledges South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province where it was found.
Most plane crashes are ‘survivable’
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First, the good news. “The vast majority of aircraft accidents are survivable, and the majority of people in accidents survive,” says Galea. Since 1988, aircraft — and the seats inside them — must be built to withstand an impact of up to 16G, or g-force up to 16 times the force of gravity. That means, he says, that in most incidents, “it’s possible to survive the trauma of the impact of the crash.”
For instance, he classes the initial Jeju Air incident as survivable — an assumed bird strike, engine loss and belly landing on the runway, without functioning landing gear. “Had it not smashed into the concrete reinforced obstacle at the end of the runway, it’s quite possible the majority, if not everyone, could have survived,” he says.
The Azerbaijan Airlines crash, on the other hand, he classes as a non-survivable accident, and calls it a “miracle” that anyone made it out alive.
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Most aircraft involved in accidents, however, are not — as suspicion is growing over the Azerbaijan crash — shot out of the sky.
And with modern planes built to withstand impacts and slow the spread of fire, Galea puts the chances of surviving a “survivable” accident at at least 90%.
Instead, he says, what makes the difference between life and death in most modern accidents is how fast passengers can evacuate.
Aircraft today must show that they can be evacuated in 90 seconds in order to gain certification. But a theoretical evacuation — practiced with volunteers at the manufacturers’ premises — is very different from the reality of a panicked public onboard a jet that has just crash-landed.
Galea, an evacuation expert, has conducted research for the UK’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) looking at the most “survivable” seats on a plane. His landmark research, conducted over several years in the early 2000s, looked at how passengers and crew behaved during a post-crash evacuation, rather than looking at the crashes themselves. By compiling data from 1,917 passengers and 155 crew involved in 105 accidents from 1977 to 1999, his team created a database of human behavior around plane crashes.
His analysis of which exits passengers actually used “shattered many myths about aircraft evacuation,” he says. “Prior to my study, it was believed that passengers tend to use their boarding exit because it was the most familiar, and that passengers tend to go forward. My analysis of the data demonstrated that none of these myths were supported by the evidence.”
The survivors of recent crashes were sitting at the back of the plane. What does that tell us about airplane safety?
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Look at the photos of the two fatal air crashes of the last two weeks, and amid the horror and the anguish, one thought might come to mind for frequent flyers.
The old frequent-flyer adage is that sitting at the back of the plane is a safer place to be than at the front — and the wreckage of both Azerbaijan Airlines flight 8243 and Jeju Air flight 2216 seem to bear that out.
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The 29 survivors of the Azeri crash were all sitting at the back of the plane, which split into two, leaving the rear half largely intact. The sole survivors of the South Korean crash, meanwhile, were the two flight attendants in their jumpseats in the very tail of the plane.
So is that old adage — and the dark humor jokes about first and business class seats being good until there’s a problem with the plane — right after all?
In 2015, TIME Magazine reporters wrote that they had combed through the records of all US plane crashes with both fatalities and survivors from 1985 to 2000, and found in a meta-analysis that seats in the back third of the aircraft had a 32% fatality rate overall, compared with 38% in the front third and 39% in the middle third.
Even better, they found, were middle seats in that back third of the cabin, with a 28% fatality rate. The “worst” seats were aisles in the middle third of the aircraft, with a 44% fatality rate.
But does that still hold true in 2024?
According to aviation safety experts, it’s an old wives’ tale.
“There isn’t any data that shows a correlation of seating to survivability,” says Hassan Shahidi, president of the Flight Safety Foundation. “Every accident is different.”
“If we’re talking about a fatal crash, then there is almost no difference where one sits,” says Cheng-Lung Wu, associate professor at the School of Aviation of the University of New South Wales, Sydney.
Ed Galea, professor of fire safety engineering at London’s University of Greenwich, who has conducted landmark studies on plane crash evacuations, warns, “There is no magic safest seat.”
A year ago today, things went from bad to worse for Boeing
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At 5 p.m. PT on January 5, 2024, Boeing seemed like a company on the upswing. It didn’t last. Minutes later, a near-tragedy set off a full year of problems.
As Alaska Airlines flight 1282 climbed to 16,000 feet in its departure from Portland, Oregon, a door plug blew out near the rear of the plane, leaving a gaping hole in the fuselage. Phones and clothing were ripped away from passengers and sent hurtling into the night sky. Oxygen masks dropped, and the rush of air twisted seats next to the hole toward the opening.
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Fortunately, those were among the few empty seats on the flight, and the crew got the plane on the ground without any serious injuries. The incident could have been far worse — even a fatal crash.
Not much has gone right for Boeing ever since. The company has had one misstep after another, ranging from embarrassing to horrifying. And many of the problems are poised to extend into 2025 and perhaps beyond.
The problems were capped by another Boeing crash in South Korea that killed 179 people on December 29 in what was in the year’s worst aviation disaster. The cause of the crash of a 15-year old Boeing jet flown by Korean discount carrier Jeju Air is still under investigation, and it is quite possible that Boeing will not be found liable for anything that led to the tragedy.
But unlike the Jeju crash, most of the problems of the last 12 months have clearly been Boeing’s fault.
And 2024 was the sixth straight year of serious problems for the once proud, now embattled company, starting with the 20-month grounding of its best selling plane, the 737 Max, following two fatal crashes in late 2018 and early 2019, which killed 346 people.
Still the outlook for 2024 right before the Alaska Air incident had been somewhat promising. The company had just achieved the best sales month in its history in December 2023, capping its strongest sales year since 2018.
It was believed to be on the verge of getting Federal Aviation Administration approval for two new models, the 737 Max 7 and Max 10, with airline customers eager to take delivery. Approvals and deliveries of its next generation widebody, the 777X, were believed to be close behind. Its production rate had been climbing and there were hopes that it could be on the verge of returning to profitability for the first time since 2018.
On a long-dormant pad in Florida, a rocket that could challenge SpaceX’s dominance is poised to launch
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On a Florida launchpad that has been dormant for almost two decades, a new, roughly 320-foot (98-meter) rocket — developed by Jeff Bezos’ company Blue Origin — is poised for its maiden flight.
The uncrewed launch vehicle, called New Glenn, will mark Blue Origin’s first attempt to send a rocket to orbit, a feat necessary if the company hopes to chip away at SpaceX’s long-held dominance in the industry.
New Glenn is set to lift off from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station as early as next week.
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The rocket, which stands about as tall as a 30-story building, consists of several parts: The first-stage rocket booster gives the initial thrust at liftoff. Atop the booster is an upper rocket stage that includes a cargo bay protected by a nose cone that will house experimental technology for this mission.
And, in an attempt to replicate the success that SpaceX has found reusing rocket boosters over the past decade, Blue Origin will also aim to guide New Glenn’s first-stage rocket booster back to a safe landing on a seafaring platform — named Jacklyn for Bezos’ mother — minutes after takeoff.
Like SpaceX, Blue Origin will seek to recover, refurbish and reuse first-stage rocket boosters to drive down costs.
For this inaugural mission, a smooth flight is not guaranteed.
But the eventual success of New Glenn, named after storied NASA astronaut John Glenn, is instrumental to some of Blue Origin’s most ambitious goals.
The rocket could one day power national security launches, haul Amazon internet satellites to space and even help in the construction of a space station that Blue Origin is developing with commercial partners.
Chile’s President Boric leads journey to South Pole in historic trip
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Chile’s President Gabriel Boric travelled to Antarctica’s South Pole on Friday, a place where no other Latin American president has set foot, according to the Chilean government.
Boric led the historic two-day trip, named Operation Pole Star III, to extend the environmental monitoring of pollutants on Antarctica, Chile’s government said in a statement.
He travelled with scientists, armed forces commanders and government ministers from the Chilean capital of Santiago to Punta Arenas, a city in southern Chile, public broadcaster Television Nacional de Chile (TVN) reported. From there, they made several stops before finally reaching the US-run Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, according to TVN.
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Chile is one of seven countries that has a territorial claim in Antarctica, alongside Argentina, Australia, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom.
It is also a signatory of the Antarctic Treaty, which dictates that the continent may only be used for peaceful and scientific purposes.
While Chile has historically carried out scientific activity in Antarctica’s northern sector, the country’s government is now hoping to expand research into the west of the continent, its statement said.
Boric called his trip to the South Pole an “honor” and a source of pride, TVN reported.
“This is a milestone for us. It is the first time a Chilean and Latin American President has visited the South Pole,” he said, according to TVN.
Most plane crashes are ‘survivable’
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First, the good news. “The vast majority of aircraft accidents are survivable, and the majority of people in accidents survive,” says Galea. Since 1988, aircraft — and the seats inside them — must be built to withstand an impact of up to 16G, or g-force up to 16 times the force of gravity. That means, he says, that in most incidents, “it’s possible to survive the trauma of the impact of the crash.”
For instance, he classes the initial Jeju Air incident as survivable — an assumed bird strike, engine loss and belly landing on the runway, without functioning landing gear. “Had it not smashed into the concrete reinforced obstacle at the end of the runway, it’s quite possible the majority, if not everyone, could have survived,” he says.
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Most aircraft involved in accidents, however, are not — as suspicion is growing over the Azerbaijan crash — shot out of the sky.
And with modern planes built to withstand impacts and slow the spread of fire, Galea puts the chances of surviving a “survivable” accident at at least 90%.
Instead, he says, what makes the difference between life and death in most modern accidents is how fast passengers can evacuate.
Aircraft today must show that they can be evacuated in 90 seconds in order to gain certification. But a theoretical evacuation — practiced with volunteers at the manufacturers’ premises — is very different from the reality of a panicked public onboard a jet that has just crash-landed.
Galea, an evacuation expert, has conducted research for the UK’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) looking at the most “survivable” seats on a plane. His landmark research, conducted over several years in the early 2000s, looked at how passengers and crew behaved during a post-crash evacuation, rather than looking at the crashes themselves. By compiling data from 1,917 passengers and 155 crew involved in 105 accidents from 1977 to 1999, his team created a database of human behavior around plane crashes.
His analysis of which exits passengers actually used “shattered many myths about aircraft evacuation,” he says. “Prior to my study, it was believed that passengers tend to use their boarding exit because it was the most familiar, and that passengers tend to go forward. My analysis of the data demonstrated that none of these myths were supported by the evidence.”
Scientists have identified an estimated 10% of all species on Earth. Here’s what they found in 2024
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A toothy toadstool. A vegetarian piranha with a distinctive mark. And a pygmy pipehorse floating in the Indian Ocean shallows.
These wild wonders were among the hundreds of previously unknown species of animals, plants and fungi that scientists named and described for the first time in 2024, expanding our surprisingly limited knowledge of Earth’s diversity.
“Scientists estimate that we’ve identified only one-tenth of all species on Earth,” said Dr.
Shannon Bennett, chief of science at the California Academy of Sciences, in a statement.
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“While it is critical to place protections on known threatened species, we must also allocate resources towards identifying unknown species that may be just as important to the functioning of an ecosystem,” Bennett said.
Researchers connected to the institution described 138 new species in 2024, including 32 fish. One standout was a pygmy pipehorse named Cylix nkosi. The seahorse relative was originally found in 2021 in the cool temperate waters surrounding the North Island of New Zealand, but the species described this year was discovered in the subtropical waters off South Africa, expanding the known range of this group to the Indian Ocean
“South African reefs present notoriously difficult diving conditions with rough weather and intense, choppy waves — we knew we only had one dive to find it,” underwater photographer and marine biologist Richard Smith said in a statement.
“This species is also quite cryptic, about the size of a golf tee, but luckily we spotted a female camouflaged against some sponges about a mile offshore on the sandy ocean floor.”
The researchers involved in describing the new species chose nkosi as its name. A reference to the local Zulu word for “chief,” the name reflects the species’ crown-like head shape and acknowledges South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province where it was found.
New Glenn’s first flight
Blue Origin formally announced the development of New Glenn — which aims to outpower SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rockets and haul spacecraft up to 45 metric tons (99,200 pounds) to orbit — in 2016.
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The vehicle is long overdue, as the company previously targeted 2020 for its first launch.
Delays, however, are common in the aerospace industry. And the debut flight of a new vehicle is almost always significantly behind schedule.
Rocket companies also typically take a conservative approach to the first liftoff, launching dummy payloads such as hunks of metal or, as was the case with SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy debut in 2018, an old cherry red sports car.
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Blue Origin has also branded itself as a company that aims to take a slow, diligent approach to rocket development that doesn’t “cut any corners,” according to Bezos, who founded Blue Origin and funds the company.
The company’s mascot is a tortoise, paying homage to “The Tortoise and the Hare” fable that made the “slow and steady wins the race” mantra a childhood staple.
“We believe slow is smooth and smooth is fast,” Bezos said in 2016. Those comments could be seen as an attempt to position Blue Origin as the anti-SpaceX, which is known to embrace speed and trial-and-error over slow, meticulous development processes.
But SpaceX has certainly won the race to orbit. The company’s first orbital rocket, the Falcon 1, made a successful launch in September 2008. The company has deployed hundreds of missions to orbit since then.
And while SpaceX routinely destroys rockets during test flights as it begins developing a new rocket, the company has a solid track record for operational missions. SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket, for example, has experienced two in-flight failures and one launchpad explosion but no catastrophic events during human missions.
A year ago today, things went from bad to worse for Boeing
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At 5 p.m. PT on January 5, 2024, Boeing seemed like a company on the upswing. It didn’t last. Minutes later, a near-tragedy set off a full year of problems.
As Alaska Airlines flight 1282 climbed to 16,000 feet in its departure from Portland, Oregon, a door plug blew out near the rear of the plane, leaving a gaping hole in the fuselage. Phones and clothing were ripped away from passengers and sent hurtling into the night sky. Oxygen masks dropped, and the rush of air twisted seats next to the hole toward the opening.
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Fortunately, those were among the few empty seats on the flight, and the crew got the plane on the ground without any serious injuries. The incident could have been far worse — even a fatal crash.
Not much has gone right for Boeing ever since. The company has had one misstep after another, ranging from embarrassing to horrifying. And many of the problems are poised to extend into 2025 and perhaps beyond.
The problems were capped by another Boeing crash in South Korea that killed 179 people on December 29 in what was in the year’s worst aviation disaster. The cause of the crash of a 15-year old Boeing jet flown by Korean discount carrier Jeju Air is still under investigation, and it is quite possible that Boeing will not be found liable for anything that led to the tragedy.
But unlike the Jeju crash, most of the problems of the last 12 months have clearly been Boeing’s fault.
And 2024 was the sixth straight year of serious problems for the once proud, now embattled company, starting with the 20-month grounding of its best selling plane, the 737 Max, following two fatal crashes in late 2018 and early 2019, which killed 346 people.
Still the outlook for 2024 right before the Alaska Air incident had been somewhat promising. The company had just achieved the best sales month in its history in December 2023, capping its strongest sales year since 2018.
It was believed to be on the verge of getting Federal Aviation Administration approval for two new models, the 737 Max 7 and Max 10, with airline customers eager to take delivery. Approvals and deliveries of its next generation widebody, the 777X, were believed to be close behind. Its production rate had been climbing and there were hopes that it could be on the verge of returning to profitability for the first time since 2018.
What New Glenn will do
In some ways, New Glenn has already made its mark on the launch industry. Blue Origin has for years pitched the rocket to compete with both SpaceX and United Launch Alliance — a joint venture of Boeing and Lockheed Martin that buys engines from Blue Origin — for lucrative military launch contracts.
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The US Space Force selected Blue Origin, ULA and SpaceX in June to compete for $5.6 billion worth of Pentagon contracts for national security missions slated to launch over the next four years.
Blue Origin also has deals with several commercial companies to launch satellites. The contracts include plans to help deploy Amazon’s Kuiper internet satellites and a recently inked deal with AST SpaceMobile to help launch the Midland, Texas-based company’s space-based cellular broadband network.
New Glenn could also be instrumental in building Blue Origin’s planned space station, called Orbital Reef. Blue Origin and it commercial partners, including Sierra Space and Boeing, among others, hope the station will one day provide a new destination for astronauts as the International Space Station is phased out of service.
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New Glenn vs. other powerful rockets
New Glenn packs significant power. Dubbed a “heavy-lift” vehicle, its capabilities lie between SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket and the more powerful Falcon Heavy launch vehicle.
SpaceX’s workhorse Falcon 9, for example, can haul up to 22.8 metric tons (50,265 pounds) to space. While New Glenn is capable of carrying about double that mass, it may also be roughly the same price as a Falcon 9: reportedly around $60 million to $70 million per launch.
“I think in order to compete with Falcon 9, you have to go head-to-head or better on price,” said Caleb Henry, the director of research at Quilty Space, which provides data and analysis about the space sector.
The question, however, is whether Blue Origin will be able to sustain a competitive price point, Henry added.
Still, one feature that makes New Glenn stand out is its large payload fairing, or nose cone. The component protects the cargo bay and is a whopping 23 feet (7 meters) wide — nearly 6 feet (2 meters) larger than that of SpaceX’s Falcon 9 or Falcon Heavy.
Henry said Blue Origin likely opted to outfit New Glenn with such a large fairing in order to help fulfill Bezos’ vision of the future.
What’s on board this flight
Blue Origin had planned to launch a pair of Mars-bound satellites on behalf of NASA for the first flight of New Glenn.
But delays with the rocket’s development prompted the space agency to change course, moving that flight to this spring at the earliest. So for this inaugural flight, Blue Origin opted to instead fly a “demonstrator” that will test technology needed for the company’s proposed Blue Ring spacecraft — which will aim to serve as a sort of in-space rideshare vehicle, dragging satellites deeper into space when needed.
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The demonstrator on this New Glenn flight will remain aboard the rocket for the entire six-hour flight, Blue Origin said, and it will validate “communications capabilities from orbit to ground” as well as “test its in-space telemetry, tracking and command hardware, and ground-based radiometric tracking.”
The Blue Ring Pathfinder demonstrator is part of a deal Blue Origin inked with the US Department of Defense’s Defense Innovation Unit.
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Why Blue Origin wants to reuse rockets
Similar to SpaceX, Blue Origin is aiming to recover and refly its first-stage rocket boosters in a bid to make launches less expensive.
“Reusability is integral to radically reducing cost-per-launch,” the company said in a recent news release, using the same oft-repeated sentiment that SpaceX has touted since it began landing rocket boosters in 2015.
Bezos, however, has acknowledged the importance of reusing rocket parts since he founded the company in 2000 — two years before Musk established SpaceX. And the company has already developed its suborbital New Shepard tourism rocket to be reusable.
“It’s not a copy cat game,” Henry said. “Blue Origin has been pursuing reusable vehicles since before reusable vehicles were cool. Now it’s much more of a mainstream idea (because of SpaceX). The difference is that it’s taken Blue Origin so much longer to get to orbit.”
If successful, returning the New Glenn rocket booster for a safe landing will be a stunning feat. After expending most of its fuel to propel the rocket’s upper stage to space, the first-stage booster will need to make a clean separation. The booster must then maneuver with pinpoint guidance and reignite its engines with precision timing to avoid crashing into the ocean or the Jacklyn recovery platform.
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Setting up your DeBank account is a straightforward process:
Create an Account: Sign up with your email or integrate with your crypto wallet.
Connect Your Wallet: Securely link your existing crypto wallets to start tracking your investments.
Explore the Dashboard: Customize your interface to monitor your DeFi activities effectively.
DeBank offers an intuitive and user-friendly platform that caters to the diverse needs of DeFi enthusiasts. Whether you're looking to track your assets or optimize your investment strategy, DeBank provides the tools and insights needed to succeed in the DeFi space.
Join the DeFi Revolution with DeBank
As the DeFi market continues to expand, staying ahead is crucial. DeBank equips you with the knowledge and tools to harness the full potential of decentralized finance. today and take control of your financial future!
Welcome to Bungee Exchange
In the dynamic world of cryptocurrency, the ability to exchange currencies securely and efficiently is crucial. Bungee Exchange offers a seamless platform that caters to both beginners and experienced traders alike.
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Why Choose Bungee Exchange?
Bungee Exchange stands out as a top choice for currency swaps due to its:
User-Friendly Interface: Designed with simplicity in mind, the platform allows users to navigate with ease.
Robust Security Measures: Your transactions are protected with state-of-the-art security protocols.
Wide Range of Supported Currencies: Bungee Exchange supports a variety of cryptocurrencies to meet diverse trading needs.
Key Features
Here are some key features that make Bungee Exchange an attractive choice:
Instant Transactions: Benefit from quick processing times that facilitate rapid exchanges.
Competitive Exchange Rates: Receive favorable rates that maximize the value of your trades.
24/7 Customer Support: Access reliable support whenever you need assistance or have queries.
How to Use Bungee Exchange
Getting started with Bungee Exchange is straightforward. Follow these steps:
Sign Up: Create an account by providing your email and setting a secure password.
Verify Identity: Complete the KYC process to ensure safety and compliance.
Select Exchange Pair: Choose the currencies you wish to swap.
Confirm Transaction: Review the details and confirm your trade to initiate the exchange.
Conclusion
Whether you are a seasoned trader or just getting started, Bungee Exchange offers a streamlined platform for effective cryptocurrency swaps. With its emphasis on security, user-friendliness, and efficiency, you can trade with confidence. Discover the potential of Bungee Exchange today and take control of your cryptocurrency transactions with ease.
Welcome to Jumper Exchange
Jumper Exchange is your one-stop destination for seamless cryptocurrency swaps. Dive into an unparalleled trading experience designed for both newcomers and veteran traders.
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Why Choose Jumper Exchange?
Jumper Exchange stands out for several compelling reasons:
User-Friendly Interface: Navigate through our platform with ease, whether you're trading from a desktop or mobile device.
Fast Transactions: Experience rapid transaction speeds that ensure you never miss out on market opportunities.
Security First: Rest assured that our advanced security protocols protect your assets at all times.
Wide Range of Cryptocurrencies: Access a diverse array of cryptocurrencies to swap and trade effortlessly.
How to Start Trading
Register for an account using a simple signup process.
Verify your identity quickly and securely.
Fund your account and start swapping your preferred cryptocurrencies.
Our educational resources also provide you with insights and strategies to help you make informed trading decisions every step of the way.
Join Our Community
When you sign up with Jumper Exchange, you join a vibrant community of crypto enthusiasts eager to share experiences and insights. Participate in our forums, and stay updated with the latest news and trends.
Support and Resources
Our dedicated support team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions or concerns. Access our comprehensive resource center for help guides, FAQs, and the latest platform updates.
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Welcome to DeFiLlama: The DeFi Data Powerhouse
In the ever-evolving world of decentralized finance, staying informed is crucial. DeFiLlama stands out as a comprehensive platform offering in-depth analytics and insights into the DeFi ecosystem. Whether you're a seasoned investor or new to DeFi, DeFiLlama provides the tools and data you need to make informed decisions.
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Why Choose DeFiLlama?
DeFiLlama excels in delivering unbiased, reliable data that the crypto community can trust. Here’s why it’s a favorite among DeFi enthusiasts:
Complete Transparency: DeFiLlama offers an open data approach, ensuring transparency and accuracy in all metrics provided.
Extensive Coverage: With data on a wide array of DeFi protocols, it provides the most comprehensive DeFi analytics available.
User-Friendly Interface: Navigate easily through DeFiLlama’s clear layout and access the data you need quickly.
Regular Updates: Stay current with frequent updates, delivering the latest DeFi data.
Explore Key Features
Total Value Locked (TVL): One of the most important metrics in the DeFi space, TVL indicates the amount of assets locked in DeFi protocols. DeFiLlama tracks TVL across multiple chains, providing a comprehensive view of where value is being generated.
Protocol Rankings: Discover which DeFi protocols are leading the pack. DeFiLlama’s rankings help you track the top-performing projects across various chains.
Chain Analysis: Beyond individual protocols, DeFiLlama offers insights into how different blockchain networks compare in terms of ecosystem growth and performance.
Community and Collaboration
DeFiLlama believes in the power of community feedback and collaboration. They continuously improve their offerings based on community input, ensuring the platform meets the evolving needs of its users.
Join the growing community of DeFi enthusiasts who trust DeFiLlama for their data needs.
Start Your DeFi Journey Today
Whether you’re new to DeFi or looking to deepen your understanding, DeFiLlama is your go-to resource for data that helps drive decisions. Dive into the world of decentralized finance with all the information you need at your fingertips.
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Understanding Convex Finance
Convex Finance is an innovative platform designed to enhance yield farming in the decentralized finance (DeFi) space. It allows users to maximize their rewards without the need for technical expertise.
What is Convex Finance?
Convex Finance is a DeFi platform that builds on top of , optimizing the way liquidity providers and stakers can earn rewards. By using Convex, users can increase the efficiency and profitability of their investments.
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Key Features of Convex Finance
Enhanced Rewards: Users can earn boosted rewards on their staked assets by utilizing the Convex platform.
Decentralized and Secure: Built on top of the existing Curve protocol, ensuring a high level of trust and security.
User-Friendly Interface: Designed to be easy for both new and experienced DeFi users to navigate.
Why Choose Convex Finance?
There are several compelling reasons to choose Convex Finance for your yield farming needs. Whether you're new to DeFi or an experienced investor, Convex offers unique benefits:
Higher Yields: By pooling your resources, Convex helps maximize the potential returns on your investments.
Gas Fee Efficiency: Transactions through Convex are optimized to reduce costs, making it a more efficient choice.
Community-Driven: Convex evolves based on user feedback, ensuring that the platform continues to meet the needs of its community.
Getting Started with Convex Finance
Starting with Convex Finance is straightforward:
Visit the .
Connect your compatible crypto wallet.
Select the pools you want to stake in and boost your earnings.
For more detailed instructions, referring to the section will provide deeper insights and troubleshooting support.
Conclusion
Convex Finance revolutionizes the way users interact with DeFi, offering enhanced yields while maintaining a focus on security and simplicity. By leveraging the capabilities of Convex, investors can confidently optimize their yield farming strategies.
Boost Your Earnings with Convex Finance Staking
Are you looking to maximize your returns on cryptocurrency investments? Discover the potential of Convex Finance Staking today. This innovative platform offers you the opportunity to earn more by staking popular tokens like CRV, achieving enhanced yields while gaining additional benefits.
What is Convex Finance?
is a cutting-edge decentralized finance (DeFi) protocol that optimizes returns for Curve Finance users. It allows liquidity providers and CRV stakers to earn trading fees, boosted CRV, and take part in Convex liquidity mining.
Why Choose Convex Staking?
Here's why Convex Finance should be your go-to platform for staking:
Boosted Yields: Earn higher returns by leveraging your CRV tokens and engaging in liquidity mining.
No Withdrawal Fees: Enjoy the flexibility to withdraw your funds without incurring additional costs.
Rewards and Bonuses: Benefit from various incentives, including platform rewards and additional bonuses for loyal stakers.
How to Start Staking on Convex Finance
Follow these simple steps to start maximizing your crypto profits with Convex Finance:
Connect Your Wallet: Use a compatible wallet like MetaMask to link your account to the platform.
Stake Your CRV: Deposit your CRV tokens into Convex to start earning boosted rewards.
Claim Your Rewards: Monitor your earnings and claim your rewards at your convenience.
Explore More Benefits
Aside from staking, Convex Finance offers a unique opportunity to participate in liquidity pools and yield farming initiatives. These options provide you with multiple avenues to enhance your total returns on investments.
Start Staking Today
Visit the official website to learn more about which pools and strategies offer the best returns. Take action today and secure your financial future with Convex Finance's powerful staking solutions.
Understanding Convex Finance: Boost Your DeFi Earnings
As decentralized finance (DeFi) continues to grow, Convex Finance emerges as a powerful tool for users looking to optimize their Curve Finance (CRV) earnings. Whether you're a seasoned crypto enthusiast or a newcomer, understanding how Convex Finance works can significantly enhance your income from DeFi investments.
What is Convex Finance?
Convex Finance is a platform that allows liquidity providers (LPs) and CRV stakers to earn higher returns without locking CRV. It achieves this by leveraging specific tokenomics to maximize yield earnings for users, while simplifying the staking process.
How Convex Finance Works
Here's a breakdown of how Convex Finance operates:
Increased Yield: Convex offers LPs additional rewards on top of the incentives already provided by Curve Finance. This maximizes your DeFi returns.
Platform Flexibility: Unlike traditional staking, Convex Finance enables users to stake either LP tokens or CRVs without enduring long lock-up periods.
Reward Distribution: Participants earn not just from Curve rewards but also receive a share of fees distributed by the platform, further increasing potential earnings.
Benefits of Using Convex Finance
There are several reasons to consider using Convex Finance:
Efficient Yield Optimization: Convex Finance combines yields from multiple sources, providing a streamlined way for users to maximize their earnings.
Lower Commitment: Users can earn rewards without the need for long lock-up periods, maintaining greater liquidity and flexibility.
Community Support: With an active community and ongoing development, Convex Finance regularly updates its platform features to ensure high performance and security.
Getting Started with Convex Finance
To begin using Convex, you'll need to connect a compatible crypto wallet and deposit your Curve LP tokens. Once connected, you can decide on the best strategy for your investment needs, benefiting from the enhanced yields available on this innovative DeFi platform.
Overall, Convex Finance represents an evolving landscape in decentralized finance, offering a compelling option for maximizing CRV earnings with minimal staking constraints. Explore this platform to leverage its full potential and take advantage of the thriving DeFi ecosystem.
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Explore Blockchain Networks with Chainlist
In the ever-evolving realm of blockchain technology, finding and connecting to the right network can be daunting. Chainlist is here to simplify that process, offering users a comprehensive directory of various blockchain networks.
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What is Chainlist?
Chainlist is a user-friendly platform designed to help you connect easily to different blockchain networks. It ensures you can access the required network settings, thereby facilitating the process of connecting your wallet to these networks reliably.
Features of Chainlist
Comprehensive Listings: Access an extensive list of blockchain networks.
Easy Connection: Connect to networks directly through your wallet interface with just a few clicks.
Up-to-date Information: Keep up with the latest network updates and technical details.
Why Use Chainlist?
Chainlist offers a seamless experience for users who need to navigate the myriad of blockchain networks available today. Whether you are a developer, a crypto enthusiast, or someone new to the crypto space, Chainlist provides:
Accessibility: Simplifies accessing various networks without needing deep technical knowledge.
Efficiency: Save time by using Chainlist's straightforward interface to find and connect to networks.
Reliability: Depend on updated settings to ensure smooth transitions between networks.
How to Use Chainlist
Using Chainlist is intuitive. Here’s a simple guide to get started:
Visit the Chainlist website.
Browse through the list of available networks.
Find your preferred network and click 'Add to Wallet'.
Follow any additional prompts to complete the connection.
Once you're connected, you can start exploring the decentralized applications (dApps) and services that the blockchain network offers.
Conclusion
With Chainlist, accessing the blockchain world is no longer overwhelming. Its user-centric platform reduces complexity, making it an invaluable tool for anyone looking to explore or develop on different blockchain platforms. From seamless wallet integration to accurate network data, Chainlist paves the way for blockchain accessibility and innovation.
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Welcome to Vertex Protocol: Revolutionizing DeFi Trading
Discover the revolutionary Vertex Protocol, your gateway to the world of decentralized finance (DeFi) trading. As the crypto landscape rapidly evolves, Vertex Protocol stands at the forefront, providing users with unparalleled seamless trading experiences and enhanced liquidity access.
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What Makes Vertex Protocol Stand Out?
Vertex Protocol is more than just a trading platform. It is a designed to empower you with:
Intuitive User Interface: Navigate the complex world of crypto with ease and efficiency.
Advanced Security: Enjoy peace of mind with industry-leading security protocols and safeguarding of your assets.
High Liquidity: Access deep liquidity pools to execute large trades with minimal slippage.
Diverse Asset Options: Explore a wide array of cryptocurrencies and tokens.
Unlock Potential with Vertex's Features
Leverage the full potential of Vertex Protocol with these standout features:
Decentralized: Trustless and Secure
Trading on Vertex ensures transparency and autonomy, free from third-party control, making it a trustless and secure choice for crypto enthusiasts.
Efficient Trading Engine
Benefit from fast, efficient trade execution supported by state-of-the-art technology that maximizes your trading efficiency.
Community Governance
Be a part of a community-driven , allowing you to have a say in the protocol’s future developments.
Getting Started with Vertex Protocol
Embarking on your DeFi journey with Vertex is straightforward. To get started:
Sign up and create your account.
Securely connect your wallet.
Begin trading and explore diverse assets and liquidity options.
Whether you are a seasoned trader or new to the crypto scene, Vertex Protocol offers the tools and resources you need to succeed.
Join the Vertex Community
Participate in webinars, discussions, and forums to stay informed and connected. The vibrant awaits, offering support and insights to enhance your trading journey.
In conclusion, Vertex Protocol is your ideal partner in navigating the dynamic world of decentralized finance. Start today and experience the future of trading.
Introducing the Zircuit Token System
The Zircuit token, a pivotal element in the blockchain landscape, plays a crucial role in enabling efficient transactions and offering enhanced security. Designed for seamless integration into various platforms, it aims to revolutionize the way digital currencies are perceived and utilized.
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Key Advantages of the Zircuit Token
Enhanced Security: Security is a core benefit of utilizing the Zircuit token. By employing advanced cryptographic techniques, it ensures that transactions are secure, safeguarding user data and funds from potential threats.
Scalable Transactions: Zircuit token is engineered for scalability, allowing for a large number of transactions per second. This capability promises efficiency even as user numbers grow, ensuring smooth operations across digital platforms.
Low Transaction Fees: One of the significant advantages of using the Zircuit token is the cost-effectiveness of its transactions. It boasts lower fees compared to traditional financial systems, making it an attractive option for users.
Implementing Zircuit Tokens in Everyday Use
The implementation of Zircuit tokens into daily transactions is designed to be straightforward. Users can manage their tokens seamlessly through dedicated wallets that offer user-friendly interfaces and robust security. Thanks to its decentralized nature, it enables trustless interactions, where intermediaries are reduced, thereby minimizing costs and enhancing speed.
Furthermore, Zircuit tokens offer compatibility with various platforms, allowing users to transact with ease across a plethora of services. This flexibility is crucial for both individuals and businesses looking to integrate blockchain technology into their operations.
In conclusion, the Zircuit token stands as a testament to the evolving nature of digital currencies, offering a secure, scalable, and cost-effective solution for modern financial transactions. As adoption continues to grow, the robustness of the Zircuit token system is likely to play a critical role in shaping the future of digital exchanges.
Ethena Fi - Your platform for decentralized financial services
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Discover the power of decentralized finance with Ethena Fi. As the world moves towards decentralized financial solutions, Ethena Fi offers you a platform to explore the limitless possibilities of cryptocurrency investments, exchanges, and asset management.
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How Nigeria’s biggest city became the world’s hottest winter party destination
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It’s a world of endless parties and sleepless nights. A relentless celebration that turns West Africa – and especially Nigeria’s largest city, Lagos – into one of the hottest destinations on the continent, if not the planet, right in the middle of winter.
Detty December is a magical time between December and early January when diaspora communities and tourists flock to Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa for an unforgettable experience filled with flavourful food, soulful African music and sunshine.
Beach parties, festivals and top-tier performances fuel the energy, while fashion takes center stage, with everyone dressing to impress.
Nearly two-thirds of Nigeria’s population is under 25, according to the United Nations Population Fund, making this one of the world’s youngest countries.
Internationally renowned Afrobeats performers and foreign artists make surprise appearances. DJs take to the streets, blasting powerful beats from consoles mounted atop bright yellow minibuses.
At times it’s all-consuming. Good luck getting hair salon appointments, affordable air tickets or navigating Lagos’ already notorious traffic when the party crowds are in town.
Detty December (“detty” is a playful corruption of “dirty”) is a triumphant celebration of culture, music and good vibes that has evolved in recent years during the traditional holidays influx of diaspora returnees, which heightened in 2018 when Ghana ran a launched a successful “Year of Return” campaign actively encouraging people to visit their ancestral homelands.
It’s gathered pace over the past five years, gaining an international reputation, as IJGBs (“I Just Got Backs”) and their friends arrive in batches, eager to unwind and blow off steam after the fast-paced, hard-working year they’ve had overseas.
For many in the vast Nigerian diaspora, it is a deeply personal homecoming, a chance to reconnect with their heritage, traditions and families while immersing themselves in the lively energy of Nigerian life.
An executive order designed to speed up the rebuilding of lost homes in LA has been put in place by California Governor Gavin Newsom.
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The order suspends Ceqa review and the California Coastal Act, which work to minimise the environmental impact of proposed building projects, as well as suspending some permits in order to make rebuilding quicker and more affordable.
There are also protections against price gouging on services related to the fires such as building materials and storage services.
He says "one thing I won't give in to is delay. Delay is denial for people."
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"The executive order I signed today will help cut permitting delays, an important first step in allowing our communities to recover faster and stronger."
WASHINGTON, Jan 10 (Reuters) - The International Monetary Fund will forecast steady global growth and continuing disinflation when it releases an updated World Economic Outlook on Jan. 17, IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva told reporters on Friday.
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Georgieva said the U.S. economy was doing "quite a bit better" than expected, although there was high uncertainty around the trade policies of the administration of President-elect Donald Trump that was adding to headwinds facing the global economy and driving long-term interest rates higher.
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India's Tata Consultancy Services expects its retail and manufacturing
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clients in North America to step up spending on tech, following a similar upturn in its banking and financial services segment, a top executive of the nation's No. 1 software-services exporter, said.
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Price gouging laws are being ignored by landlords, says estate agent
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Jason Oppenheim shot from shoulders up, smiling and looking to right
Image source,Getty Images
Let's bring you a bit more about reports of price gouging by landlords in Los Angeles, which we reported on earlier.
Speaking a little earlier on BBC's Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg programme, Jason Oppenheim, a real estate agent in Los Angeles, says some landlords are breaking the law by raising rents more than 10% high than pre-disaster prices.
"We're having landlords taking advantage of the situation," says Oppenheim, who stars in the reality show Selling Sunset about LA's luxury real estate market.
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"There are thousands of people who are displaced...the hotels are overwhelmed," he says.
Oppenheim says he sent a client to a rental property which was listed for $13,000 (?11,000) a month. "(My client) offered $20,000 (?16,400) a month and he offered to pay six months upfront and the landlord said 'no, I want $23,000 (?19,000) a month'," he says.
"There are price gouging laws in California, they are just being ignored right now...it's illegal to take advantage of a natural disaster."
Share
LOS ANGELES, Jan 12 (Reuters) - Firefighters were slowly
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Aircraft dropped water and fire retardant on steep hills to stem the eastward spread of the Palisades Fire and KTLA television reported that ground crews had managed to save a number of houses, although others were lost.
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Welcome to Dexscreener
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Applications of Rhino Technology in Finance
In the financial sector, Rhino technology plays a crucial role in enhancing efficiency and ensuring compliance with industry standards. It empowers users with tools that simplify complex financial operations, making them more accessible and less time-consuming. Beyond financial transactions, Rhino technology aids in data analysis, helping businesses make informed decisions based on real-time analytics.
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