“希望区块链像互联网一样，成为生产生活的底层设施。这是雄安新区成立区块链实验室的初衷。”在雄安新区设立四周年之际，雄安新区区块链实验室主任李军接受中国证券报记者专访时表示。
区块链深度融入雄安的建设。雄安新区与工程建设相关的资金申请、审批、拨付等工作都通过区块链平台来完成。国内首个城市级区块链底层操作系统开发完成并投入使用，可以为区块链技术研究、城市应用、行业应用等提供灵活的环境。
融入智能城市建设
李军表示，在雄安新区，区块链不只是“区块链+”这样的锦上添花应用，而是真正融入智能城市建设治理的底层，成为新型基础设施的有机组成，与大数据、人工智能、云计算等其他技术发挥合力，让未来之城走入现实。
2020年12月14日，雄安区块链底层系统1.0发布。这意味着国内首个城市级区块链底层操作系统开发完成并投入使用。李军指出，以往区块链技术应用停留在“区块链+行业”的层面。但区块链技术的应用空间远不止于此，将区块链作为城市级数字化基础设施来研究，雄安在国内是首创。
李军介绍，雄安区块链底层系统1.0自主可控，采用自主知识产权技术，搭建了一条“核心链+应用链”多层链网融合的新型区块链底层架构，在吞吐量、跨链协同、数据可信交换、安全等痛点问题方面实现了创新突破。
在该区块链底层技术平台之上，可以开展数字身份、数字信用等诸多区块链基础公共服务，为区块链技术研究、城市应用、行业应用等提供一个弹性的、灵活的环境，促进构建丰富的城域区块链生态。
事实上，区块链应用已成为现实。2018年8月，雄安上线了国内首个基于区块链技术的建设项目资金管理平台——工程建设区块链信息管理系统。雄安新区所有与工程建设相关的资金申请、审批、拨付等工作都通过区块链平台来完成。李军介绍，该平台已经服务了几千家企业、196个工程项目、14万农民工，累计拨付资金规模约200亿元。
通过这个平台，企业与总包商之间，总包商与分包商之间、分包商与施工单位之间所有的合同、票证等都上传到区块链系统，所有的行为都会留下印记，接受监督。在李军看来，该平台还能切实保护农民工的利益。“如果有哪个环节拖欠或者克扣了农民工的工资，大家都会一清二楚。”
“透明、公开、不可篡改，区块链让数据变得可信，增加了监督的手段，真正成形后会给体制机制流程带来变化。”李军说。
汇聚资源开展专项研究
作为一个公共、开放性实验平台，雄安区块链实验室汇聚各方面的资源、项目和人才，针对基础性关键技术开展专项研究，为区块链在新区扩大应用提供支撑。
据介绍，实验室设置了标准与规范研究、基础前沿与关键技术研究、产业运营模式与应用示范三个重点研究方向，并确立了三个长远目标。第一，成为区块链研究与应用的新高地。在区块链技术领域、区块链应用领域、区块链与其他智慧技术融合领域，雄安区块链实验室均有所领先和超越。第二，成为一个开放的前沿创新基地。雄安区块链实验室向全社会开放，向全球开放；向创新人才开放，向创新的思想开放，向创新的实践开放。第三，探索实验室经济的新模式，发展创业孵化、技术转移转化、技术咨询、政策咨询、知识产权综合运用、测试评估认证等科技服务，充分发挥知识溢出效应。
李军介绍，去年3月31日实验室成立之前，他们就做了很多区块链技术方面的探索并取得初步成效。“包括容量、性能、安全等方面的问题，以及标准规范如何统一，形成合力。”
联盟链的早期应用存在牺牲性能获取可信和安全的情况，但随着应用的深入推进，平衡性能与安全可信的方案已逐步探索出来。“一个方案是在软件架构上做调整分层。”李军表示，“不是所有的应用都需要极高的性能。比如，A应用可能要快，而B应用要安全但不需要那么快，所以要把AB分层。”这种分层架构已经应用到雄安区块链底层系统1.0上。
作为数字化的基础设施，雄安需要将区块链实现互联互通。“这要求按照一定的标准规范来建设，好比互联网时代，从局域网扩大到城域网，基于共同认可的标准协议，并进一步扩大到广域网。”
李军介绍，雄安区块链实验室与国内区块链标准化相关单位均建立了合作，研究制定相关标准。“到去年为止，我们做了三个区块链相关的地方标准，今年要继续增加。”
探索建立数字身份体系
利用区块链等技术，雄安在探索建立数字身份体系。2019年1月，《雄安新区工程建设项目招标投标管理办法（试行）》提出，要建设以大数据和区块链为基础的企业和个人诚信评价体系，实时公布各方主体信用信息及信用评价指数。在信息共享及新技术应用方面，建立基于区块链技术的网络可信身份认证体系和证照库，项目信息、企业信息、人员信息、文件流转、资金支付等信息通过区块链技术加密备份。
李军透露，数字身份可能于今年年底推出试用。区块链技术、隐私计算技术等综合运用，可以极大改观个人隐私信息被过度调用的情况。
“数字身份是以公民法定身份为根源进行扩展，在不同的APP中可扩展不同的身份。通过这种方式，APP不需要调取法定身份信息，只需要相应的扩展信息就足够了。现在公民个人信息暴露严重。比如，注册登陆一些APP需要上传身份证正反面、上传驾照等，而这些APP只需要了解用户是否真的会开车。数字身份体系能够一定程度上解决这些问题。”
除了个人的数字身份，雄安新区的树早就有了“身份证”。2017年11月，雄安的“千年秀林”种下的第一棵树拥有自己的“身份证”，全流程记录栽培、检查、管护、修剪的全过程。
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