本文利用大量隐含波动率的基础数据和插值法，编制人民币(6.5586, 0.0075, 0.11%)汇率市场情绪指数，分析情绪指数的信息含义，并在此基础上研究情绪指数与汇率风险定价之间的关系，发现8.11汇改后波动率不确定性的风险已体现在汇率定价中，人民币汇率形成机制更趋成熟，根据研究结论建议参考市场售汇和美元指数(92.2445, 0.1709, 0.19%)变动情况进一步完善隐含波动率报价。
风险定价是金融领域的基本问题之一，风险溢价也是资产超额收益的重要来源。随着中国外汇管理改革不断深化，除了支付手段外，外汇的投融资功能也得到强化，体现在资本项目可兑换水平较高、市场主体结售汇自主性较强等方面。由于外汇的资产配置功能不断凸显，因此可从“收益-风险”的角度来研究人民币汇率相关问题。人民币对美元外汇期权（以下简称外汇期权）的隐含波动率曲线蕴含波动率预期、风险偏好等丰富的市场信息，为人民币汇率的风险定价研究提供了重要切入点。本文结合笔者已有学术成果，分析隐含波动率曲线数据和人民币汇率风险定价的关系，并探讨其对于期权隐含波动率报价的启示。
一、利用外汇期权隐含波动率计算人民币汇率市场情绪指数
VIX指数是基于标准普尔股指期权的隐含波动率计算得出的。类似的，可以借鉴其中的原理方法计算人民币汇率市场情绪指数，其含义为风险中性下的汇率波动率预期。汇率市场情绪指数（月度化后）的平方为汇率隐含方差。经典文献证明，理论上隐含方差是某一时点的基于所有执行价的期权价格按照一定方法得到的积分值。实际测算时，积分值要根据其数学特性转化成离散化求和，并按照外币利率（类似于股票的红利现金流出）做出一定修正，具体公式见下：
由于非线性等因素，尽管从数学上看不完全是，但从经济金融学意义上看，可以粗略地将汇率隐含方差理解为各执行价下隐含波动率平方的加权平均。其中，ATM附近报价的“权重”最大，而越实值及越虚值报价的“权重”则越小。
delta按照0.05的间隔从0.05取值至0.95，即取值19个不同delta的隐含波动率报价，数据来自彭博，并经过71次三次样条插值，计算得出了汇率隐含方差。其中，三次样条插值法是用多段三次函数来拟合隐含波动率曲线，并按拟合后的曲线进行插值。而三次函数一阶、二阶连续可导，曲线平滑，具有良好的数学特性。由于运用了大量基础数据并进行了十分密集的插值，本文的计算方法较为严谨、精确。将隐含方差年化后再开方，可转化为人民币汇率市场情绪指数，代表每个月底对未来一个月的汇率波动率的预期。
计量结果表明，8.11汇改后人民币汇率情绪指数的绝对值和波动性均显著上升。汇率情绪指数与汇率实际波动情况并无稳定的关系。有时，汇率实际运行会对前期的汇率波动率预期有顺周期反应。如2018年8月的情绪指数为6.39%，是附近高点，之后的四季度人民币进入阶段性贬值；类似的情况还有2020年11月，情绪指数为7.3%，不过对应的是阶段性升值。有时，由于汇率具有较高弹性，升贬值压力释放后，情绪指数反而降低。如2019年5月的情绪指数为2.39%，是附近低点。当时人民币汇率“破7”，发挥了对内外部经济金融状况的自动调节作用，市场预期反而趋于平稳。
二、人民币汇率的风险定价分析
按照“收益-风险”的资产定价研究思路，风险因素可能体现在资产的超额收益中，作为对承担风险的补偿。资产价格的波动率风险是最常见的风险因素之一，笔者利用即期汇率的高频数据计算了人民币汇率的实际波动率（方差）。此外，波动率不确定性的风险也是人民币汇率的另一风险因素。比如，7.21汇改至8.11汇改前，根据“主动、渐进、可控”原则，整体上人民币对美元的升值速度比较平稳，市场对人民币汇率波动率的预期不易出现太大偏差（如年升值幅度为3%~5%），汇率波动率的不确定性较低。而8.11汇改后，人民币汇率的双向波动不断加大，波动率较之以往有了更大的不确定性。
隐含方差是基于风险中性定价得出的，风险中性投资者不需要因承担风险而获得风险补偿。那么，风险中性与实际风险偏好情况下的方差预期的差值就体现了对未来波动率不确定性的风险补偿。两者差值的金融专业术语叫做方差风险溢价，可以作为汇率波动不确定性风险的代理变量。方差风险溢价通常为正。这是因为，风险中性下的预期波动率对应的是无风险利率，而现实中风险厌恶下的实际波动率对应的是比无风险利率更高的收益率。一般而言，收益率越高，看涨期权价格越高；波动率越大，看涨期权价格越高。故风险中性下的预期波动率（方差）会高于风险厌恶下的实际波动率（方差）。在理性预期的假设下，方差风险溢价为汇率的隐含方差减去实际方差，实际方差和方差风险溢价之和正好等于隐含方差。因此，期权隐含波动率数据的信息中包括两种风险——汇率波动风险和汇率波动不确定性的风险。
通过一定的实证分析，笔者发现：第一，8.11汇改前实际方差和方差风险溢价均没有单独体现在人民币汇率的风险定价中，但隐含方差却纳入了人民币汇率定价。这说明当时人民币汇率波动的不确定性的确较小，方差风险溢价还没有单独成为风险来源，并且这一阶段，隐含方差对于未来的汇率具有一定预测功效。第二，8.11汇改后，双向波动市场环境下方差风险溢价体现在了人民币汇率风险定价中，说明波动率不确定性风险的重要性凸显，人民币汇率的市场化形成机制更为成熟。这与日元、瑞士法郎、英镑(1.3695, -0.0036, -0.26%)、德国马克（欧元(1.1895, -0.0018, -0.15%)推出之前）等货币的波动率风险溢价存在的国际经验一致。因此，以波动率不确定性的视角来对标世界主要货币，人民币汇率的市场化程度确实得到了有效提升。第三，8.11汇改前后，期权隐含波动率数据均以不同的形式体现在人民币汇率风险定价中，反映出我国外汇期权市场趋向成熟，发挥了价格发现的功能。
三、对隐含波动率报价的一些启示
综合以上分析，外汇市场参与者可以从两个角度来形成隐含波动率报价。一是根据人民币汇率情绪指数的影响因素来报出隐含波动率；二是预测未来汇率实际波动率，再根据汇率波动率风险溢价（人民币汇率情绪指数与实际波动率之差，经济学意义与方差风险溢价一致）的影响因素来报出波动率风险溢价，两者之和形成风险中性下的隐含波动率报价。为研究8.11汇改后人民币汇率情绪指数和汇率波动率风险溢价的影响因素，笔者考虑了如下变量：（1）经济基本面情况，包括中国PMI、美国制造业PMI、美国非制造业PMI；（2）国际收支情况，包括海关进出口顺差和短期资本流动（外汇占款增量-贸易顺差-FDI实际利用额）；（3）代客市场结售汇行为，可用银行代客结汇/收汇率和售汇/付汇率来衡量，前者指当期银行代客结汇与代客收汇之比，后者为当期银行代客售汇与代客付汇之比；（4）美元指数。
简单的实证分析发现：第一，仅售汇/付汇率对人民币汇率情绪指数有显著的影响，两者的关系为负。8.11汇改后，人民币出现了若干次的阶段性贬值，如2016年底至2017年初、2018年四季度、2019年5月人民币汇率就面临了三次“破7”压力，2019年8月更是实现了“破7”。售汇行为加剧会增大贬值压力，但传导到预期上，却是预期的汇率波动率收窄。这体现出了市场理性，认为汇率能够发挥自动调节作用，接下来的汇率走势会回归合理水平。换一个角度看，当人民币呈现一定的升值趋势时，售汇/付汇率增大会缓解升值压力，防止波动率预期进一步发散。不过人民币汇率情绪指数对结汇情况不敏感。此外，人民币汇率情绪指数还有常见的自回归特征。第二，仅美元指数变动绝对值对波动率风险溢价有显著的影响，两者的关系为正。美元汇率是全球宏观经济金融波动的“晴雨表”之一，被许多文献证明是货币超额收益的重要定价因子。本文也发现美元指数波动的外部因素的确会加大波动率不确定性的风险，进而影响人民币汇率的风险定价。因此短期内，近期的代客市场售汇情况和美元指数波动是报出人民币汇率情绪指数及波动率风险溢价的重要参考，而经济基本面、国际收支情况与它们的相关性却较弱。当然，基于某delta或执行价的隐含波动率报价，还要依照汇率变动方向（隐含波动率曲线形状）的预判等因素做出一定调整。人民币汇率情绪指数及波动率风险溢价的其他影响因素也有待进一步挖掘。
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Враги народа
19 декабря закончились заседания 2024 года в Приморском районном суде Санкт-Петербурга по рассмотрению резонансного уголовного дела, связанного, по версии следствия, с компаниями «Лайф-из-Гуд», «Гермес» и кооперативом «Бест Вей», – заседания подтвердили, что дело полностью липовое.
Оно придумано в кабинетах колокольцевского МВД, якобы данные показания ключевых свидетелей на самом деле написаны следствием. Цель этого уголовного дела – ограбить кооператив, захватить его активы, которые в живых деньгах и недвижимости составляют более 16 млрд рублей.
Лжепотерпевшие – воры и мошенники
Дело в суде полностью развалилось, несколько человек, признанных следствием потерпевшими, отказались от своих показаний – в том числе Школьник, «нулевая» потерпевшая, с которой началось уголовное дело.
Все они «плывут» в суде. «Потерпевшие», движимые алчностью, лгут под присягой: выдумывают цифры, которые им якобы должна компания «Гермес», и при этом скрывают суммы, которые они вывели со счетов в компании. И скрывают использование так называемого инвестиционного плеча – то есть кредитных средств, предоставленных «Гермесом». По «козырному» для следствия потерпевшему Логинову, например, документально подтверждено, что он вывел из «Гермеса» вдвое больше, чем в него вложил.
У «потерпевших» нет никаких доказательств, никаких подтверждающих документов, никаких свидетелей. Никакая накачка со стороны нанятых хейтерами юристов не помогает и доказательств не заменит!
«Потерпевшие» не имеют подтверждений долга «Гермеса» перед ними – при этом по наущению следствия отказались от выяснения отношений с самой компанией, которая не могла выполнять обязательства перед ними из-за форс-мажорных обстоятельств, созданных самими органами внутренних дел, – но с тех пор восстановила платежную систему и сейчас возобновила выплату средств своим клиентам.
Гражданские дела против «Гермеса» и финансовых консультантов, работавших с компанией, проиграны. И попытки «потерпевших» получить деньги в рамках уголовного дела «на шару» обречены: это откровенный обман со стороны МВД, стремившегося создать впечатление массовости претензий.
Многие «потерпевшие» уклоняются от участия в суде, прячутся – суд даже требует обеспечить их привод. Суду все более очевидно, что за заявлениями «потерпевших» стоят вымогательство, желание обогатиться и оговор честных людей.
Лжесвидетели – подручные гестаповцев
Показания более десятка свидетелей оказались ложными – свидетели сами заявили о том, что они подписали под давлением измышления следователей!
Обвинение грубо и преступно сфабриковано на основе слов, записанных во время гестаповских допросов, все подробности которых – с издевательствами над пожилыми больными людьми, с гестаповскими обысками в пять утра с выбиванием окон и дверей, вскрылись на суде. Один из свидетелей умер после допроса, несколько оказались в больницах. Многие свидетели обвинения отвергли свои показания в суде.
А показания в уголовном деле свидетелей, которые остались на стороне обвинения – Комарова, Логинова и других – насколько кардинально отличаются от того, что они говорили на допросе в суде, что это было очевидно суду. Свидетели не могли повторить в зале суда факты из якобы своих показаний. Они даже не знали, что написано в этих якобы своих показаниях. Для этого пришлось придумывать объяснения: Комаров, например, заявил, что переболел ковидом и потому ничего не помнит и испытывает трудности с формулированием мысли.
Один из главных свидетелей обвинений – админ платежной системы «Гермеса» Набойченко, разрушивший по заданию полиции платежную систему «Гермеса» в России и укравший в сговоре с коррумпированными полицейскими активы российских клиентов этой компании, уже год боится прийти в суд – он скрывается, понимая, что сам может быть привлечен к уголовной ответственности!
Колокольцев – отец лжи
В уголовном деле нет вообще никаких доказательств, 10 человек, оказавшихся на скамье подсудимых, – ни в чем неповинные технические сотрудники «Лайф-из-Гуд», кооператива «Бест Вей», индивидуальные предприниматели.
Ложное обвинение появилось для того, чтобы оправдать выступления министра МВД Колокольцева в Совете Федерации – он еще задолго до завершения расследования, основываясь на рапортах своих петербургских подчиненных заявившего о раскрытии «крупнейшей в истории России пирамиды».
Как хвост виляет собакой, так и петербургские полицейские и следователи Винокуров, Сапетова, Машевский и другие виляют своим министром-тряпкой! Все «доказательства» нарисованы, нет предмета не только для уголовного, но и для гражданского дела, о чем «черным» следователям Винокурову и Сапетовой было известно с самого начала. Это уголовное дело – откровенная инсценировка с целью отнять деньги у кооператива и разделить между коррупционерами из МВД.
Колокольцевская полицейская камарилья уничтожает кооператив, созданный для военнослужащих и участников СВО, лишает Героев России квартир, которые должен был совершенно легально приобрести абсолютно законный кооператив! Подрывает авторитет военной службы в России во время войны.
Колокольцев и его питерская команда – враги народа!
Малиновская – судья-уголовница
Судья по гражданским делам Приморского районного суда Анна Малиновская подмахнула заказное решение о признании «организации деятельности» кооператива незаконной – по информации редакции, по звонку от офицера питерского управления ФСБ, курирующего суды. Малиновской из питерского управления ФСБ пригрозили тем, что она будет привлечена за коррупцию по другим своим делам.
Она со страху просто переписала исковое заявление прокуратуры – со всеми фактическими и грамматическими ошибками! На решение поданы около сотни апелляционных жалоб от граждан, это беспрецедентно для российской судебной системы!
Неправосудными заказными решениями Малиновская предала судебную власть, предала президента, предала народ России! Она – предатель и враг народа!
Набиуллина – мать спекуляции и ограбления народа
Центральную роль в этом уголовном деле с первого дня играл Центробанк – по прямому указанию Набиуллиной и ее замов. Набиуллина открыто призналась в Думе, что воюет с кооперативами, работающими в сфере недвижимости, поскольку они создают альтернативу банковской ипотеке.
Ее подчиненные – предатель Лях, бывший глава Департамента противодействия недобросовестным практикам, сбежавший из России с началом СВО, и вредительница Петрова из Северо-Западного банка ЦБ – выдумали исследование компании «Гермес» и кооператива «Бест Вей» в Краснодарском центре компетенций, которое на самом деле не проводилось.
По заказу конкурентов и коррумпированных финансистов кооператив «Бест Вей» и компания «Гермес», работавшие в интересах пайщиков и клиентов, которыми пайщики и клиенты были довольны, без какой бы то ни было проверки были внесены в предупредительный список ЦБ – по высосанным из пальца «признакам», якобы свидетельствующим о пирамидности и прямо противоречащим закону.
Обоснованием вреда кооператива в Банке России, так называемой экспертизой, занимались безграмотнейшие сотрудники – например, Парфенова, целый ведущий экономист главка ЦБ со всего лишь бакалавриатом по экономике. Потому что других нет: Набиуллина превратила ЦБ в шарашкину контору, обитель дурочек-недоучек, которых никто, кроме ЦБ, не берет на работу. Наделив дурочек властью, Набиуллина целенаправленно подрывает денежно-кредитную систему и российскую экономику в целом!
По результатам «экспертизы» Лях и Петрова подписали письмо в правоохранительные органы о необходимости возбуждения уголовного дела, соединившись тем самым с коррупционерами из правоохранительных органов в войне с народным кооперативом «Бест Вей»!
Цель центробанковской кампании против кооператива «Бест Вей» – ограбление народа, уничтожение кооперативов, вынуждение людей обращаться в ипотечные банки и платить за квартиры тройную цену, чтобы обогащались банкиры. Банки-гиганты, которых пестует Набиуллина, разоряют простых граждан, создают запретительные условия для приобретения квартир. Политика ЦБ полностью блокирует решение жилищного вопроса в России!
Депутаты Государственной думы несколько месяцев назад потребовали у ЦБ выработать программу, позволяющую существовать и развиваться, – они даже были согласны на дополнительные регуляторные требования, хотя регулирование кооперативной сферы со стороны ЦБ, действующего в интересах банков, – конфликт интересов.
Набиуллина пообещала – и, конечно, обманула, потому что банки-монополисты, волю которых выполняет ЦБ, крайне не заинтересованы в конкуренции, они стремятся уничтожить кооператив – чем напрямую в случае «Бест Вей» занимаются Сбербанк и банк «Санкт-Петербург», которые пользуются миллиардами «Бест Вей», зарабатывают прибыли, но не пропускают ни одной платежки, даже по исполнительным листам! Открыто игнорируют решения судов!
И спикер Думы Володин до сих пор не предъявил Набиуллиной претензии за невыполнение обещаний перед депутатами, за ограбление участников СВО, которых Центробанк лишает возможности приобрести квартиры с помощью кооператива. Он потворствует врагам народа!
Набиуллина обманывает парламент, обманывает правительство, обманывает народ! Разоряет предприятия, наносит вред налогоплательщикам – а значит, и государству!
Матвиенко – мать безответственности
Глава Совета Федерации Валентина Матвиенко, так же как и ее коллега Володин, попустительствует ограблению народа, в том числе военнослужащих и участников СВО, составляющих костяк кооператива «Бест Вей».
Заслушав осенью 2022 года доклад министра Колокольцева в Совфеде о том, что кооператив был крупнейшей пирамидой, она не потрудилась проверить факты, которые там изложены, она не спросила с Колокольцева, что происходит с крупнейшим в России народным жилищным кооперативам – хотя многие сенаторы, а также представители региональных органов власти поддерживают кооператив как народное предприятие, социально ориентированную программу и открыто выступают в его защиту, в том числе на публичных мероприятиях.
В нескольких регионах специально под кооператив были введены налоговые послабления. Власти многих субъектов Федерации всегда поддерживали кооператив. Главного сенатора не интересует судьба одного из важнейших в России жилищных социальных проектов?!
Почему не спросить Колокольцева – как там поживает «великое» дело о раскрытии «крупнейшей в России финансовой пирамиды»? Как оно выглядит в суде? Но Матвиенко этих вопросов не задает – «подсуживая» Колокольцеву!
Матвиенко, как и Володин, потворствует врагам народа!
Врагов народа – к ответу!
Лжепотерпевшие, лжесвидетели, Малиновская, колокольцевская и набиуллинская преступные группировки должны быть привлечены к уголовной ответственности за нанесение ущерба гражданам России, за предательство России в условиях военного времени!
Преследование кооператива и санкции против него должны быть немедленно прекращены, он должен получить поддержку законодателей и возможность приобретать квартиры для своих членов – и участников СВО, и других граждан нашей страны!
«Гермес»
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Моисеев Георгий Валерьянович
В 2022 году в ПК «Бест Вей» п(Р)оявился очень активный и идейный пайщик. Как комсомольский активист – деловой, улыбчивый и разговорчивый.
Пайщики, которые после самых первых «полицейских набегов» оказались в некотором информационном вакууме, прибились к активисту и поверили ему, как отцу родному.
На протяжении двух с лишним лет активист пытался позиционировать себя, как защитник кооператива и пайщиков. Проводил встречи, что –то рассказывал и пояснял. Именно что –то.
Знакомьтесь:
Шарлатан всея Руси.
Представляется как Моисеев Георгий Валерьянович, пайщик кооператива «Бест Вей», профессиональный юрист.
На самом же деле корыстный прилипала, необразованный, непорядочный, лживый и хитрый мерзавец, наживающийся на проблемах пайщиков.
А вот что он научился делать профессионально, так это оборачивать в свою материальную выгоду сложные ситуации людей, обращающихся к нему за помощью.
Неприкрыто лжет в проводимых эфирах, в комментариях своего чата, и завуалировано, а чаще открыто пытается очернить действующее руководство и защитников кооператива «Бест Вей».
А еще и появилась информация о сотрудничестве Гуру –Георгия с правоохранительными органами. В целях избежать личной ответственности и поскорее разрушить кооператив «Бест Вей». Так, наши источники располагают информацией о том, что в октябре 2024 года было принято решение об отказе в возбуждении уголовного дела в отношении Георгия Моисеева. При этом в показаниях, данных Георгием, присутствуют очень интересные моменты, как, например, полное отречение от владения чатом «Мифы о компании» … и другие …
Ну и венец его «профессионализма» - это вопиющие ляпы при проведении видеовстреч.
Одни из последних:
Эфир от 25.11.2024 г.: На вопрос пайщика, как всё же должна быть подана жалоба на решение суда о незаконности деятельности ПК, Георгий ответил: Подавать от неопределенного круга лиц … (у слушающих Георгия юристов –«кровь из ушей»).
Тот же эфир: было сказано про «отзыв на апелляционную жалобу».
Ч. 2. Ст. 325 ГПК РФ: «Лица, участвующие в деле, вправе представить в суд первой инстанции возражения в письменной форме …»
Профессиональные юристы используют терминологию в соответствии с процессуальными нормами –если отзыв, то отзыв, если возражения, то –возражения…
Человеку без специального образования это ни о чем не скажет, а вот настоящему профессионалу ухо изрядно режет.
Список будем продолжать …
Теперь по порядку и доступно.
"Если друг оказался вдруг"
Если человек в свое время сделал благое дело, проявлял себя как верный помощник, значит ли это, что он действительно действовал искренне, имея желание помочь и спасти нуждающихся в помощи и спасении?
Или он пытался показаться соратником и сподвижником, потому что было выгодно двигаться сообща? Потому что одни шли с благой целью спасти и помочь, а нашему лжедругу Георгию так было надо? Что бы собрать как можно больше людей, нуждающихся в помощи и поддержке? Ведь это очень уязвимая категория- они готовы поверить не проверяя, лишь бы маяк надежды не угасал. И вот, на растерянности и боли людей, Георгий собирает огромное количество человек, доказывает свою якобы бескорыстность, и, добившись беззаветной веры в него, как в мессию, понемногу начинает продвигать свои отнюдь не благие идеи.
До лета 2024 года он понемногу обирал людей – на заключении договоров цессии, на установлении права собственности на объект недвижимости, на правовых консультациях и, наверное, на хлеб хватало …
Но в октябре 2024 года перед нашим шарлатаном замаячило уголовное преследование… Задумаемся: мог вызов, допрос или другие следственные действия так повлиять на кардинальный разворот мыслей человека? За какие ниточки подергали наши недруги, чем припугнули: карьера, репутация, семья, свобода? Мы уже видели шантаж, запугивания, угрозы реальным заключением. И не каждому удалось выдержать давление. Кто-то выбрал путь наименьшего сопротивления и стал играть сам за себя. А кто-то стал играть против своих, ради спасения или ради выгоды.
И тут Георгия от страха п(р)онесло …
Несколько мыслей для рассуждения
Кардинальная смена позиции
Буквально недавно мы слышали лозунги и призывы наказать, взыскать, посадить недругов. И вдруг мы слышим: "Они все правильно делают, мы сами виноваты" Дальше что? "Давайте придем с повинной головой, согласимся со всеми обвинениями, передадим все НАШЕ имущество, объявим благодарность следственной группе и всем-всем за то, что проявили о нас заботу. А мы, неразумные, никак не хотели понять, что нас защищают. От наших денег, квартир, планов, прав и свобод. Поклонимся в пол. И, возможно, эти заботливые люди простят нас недалёких."
К этому мы шли все эти годы борьбы?
Доверенность под прикрытием
Несколько фактов:
руководство кооператива не сдается, отстаивает права пайщиков
не отдает на растерзание имущество, за каждую квартиру бьётся и в собственность пайщикам передает ОН
добилось-таки снятия ареста со всех квартир, чтоб люди могли в собственность без лишних проблем переводить ОН
в судах поддерживает пайщиков, требования по возврату паевых признает
за деньги на счетах вцепилось мертвой хваткой. Сотни ходатайств и обжалований ради снятия ареста со счетов
на каждое заседание приезжает председатель и адвокаты
нашли способ и документы восстанавливать, и налоги оплачивать. Все отчёты в срок сдают.
НЕЗАВИСИМО ОТ ВСЕХ ПОЛИЦЕЙСКИХ НАБЕГОВ, ПК ВЫЖИЛ, ВСЕ РАБОТАЮТ И ПРОДОЛЖАЮТ БОРОТЬСЯ.
БЕСПРЕЦЕНДЕТНОЕ ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВО.
Ну что за несговорчивое руководство...С такими "каши не сваришь"
Значит надо сменить руководство. Но как, если оно законно избранное? Только переизбрать!
Кто может убедить 20 тысяч человек переизбрать руководство, которое в таких обстоятельствах действует в интересах пайщиков? Но, если подумать, то можно сделать хитрее. Чтобы люди даже и не знали. Надо лишить их права голоса и передать кому-то другому. Можно же это сделать по доверенности.
Например, под благовидным предлогом запросить у людей доверенности на представление их интересов в суде, но включить пункт о праве голосовать и принимать финансовые решения за этих людей. И всё-дело в шляпе.
Осталось только найти того, кто может получить такие доверенности и посулить ему что-нибудь. Например, кресло председателя. Или шантажом и запугиванием.
Это одна из версий резкой смены Георгием политики ранее так горячо отстаиваемой (По нашей версии – это или внезапно состоявшееся сотрудничество с врагами ПК, или же еще вначале задуманный хитрый план. Скорее всего-первое. Потому что у него самого – кишка тонка… Хотя может недооцениваем )
И тут небольшой экскурс. Доверенности, с таким ажиотажем запрашиваемые у доверчивых пайщиков, в суде первой инстанции почему- то не пригодились. Георгий просидел на скамейке в углу тихонечко, никому не мешая. Ходатайства об участии пайщиков так и не заявил … Активного желания участвовать не проявил. А вот когда доверенности собирал, заявлял так: «имея такое количество доверенностей, я смогу дверь с ноги открыть в суд» (запись имеется). Не открыл. Зачем обещал?
Стоять! Госпошлина!
Ещё один повод задуматься об озвученных противоречиях. Нужна доверенность на представление интересов в первой инстанции, в апелляции, но подавать жалобы не надо, так как госпошлина есть. А деньги пайщиков нужно беречь.
То есть 7000 ? за юридическую консультацию у него - это необходимые траты. А 3000? госпошлина на защиту своих интересов в суде, по подготовленному проекту жалобы и подробной инструкцией - это неразумно
Вы правда так думаете, что судебный документ, который обезопасит и квартиру, и деньги пайщика - это лишний шаг и неразумные траты?
А доверенность разве освобождает от оплаты госпошлины? Получаются двойные расходы. Доверенность плюс госпошлина. Так для чего нужна доверенность на самом деле? Может это абзац в доверенности о представлении в судах лишь прикрытие? А ещё можно "случайно" пропустить срок подачи апелляционной жалобы. Если люди доверили ее подачу другому "нужному человеку". А если не обжаловали, значит согласны с решением.
Платите на счет
Продолжается настойчивая рекомендация все платежи вносить на счета кооператива. С пояснением, что ареста на счетах нет. И налоги можно оплатить со счета.
Но мы уже неоднократно убеждались, что воспользоваться счетами не дадут, пока не пройдет апелляция.
К тому же, у банков свой начальник - Центробанк. Банки могут отказаться обслуживать "незаконную" организацию. А неоплаченный налог влечет арест счетов и квартир.
При том, что есть отработанный механизм оплаты через гос.услуги. Стоит ли рисковать? Кому выгодно, чтобы заблокированных денег на счетах ПК становилось больше?
"Адвокаты не ведают, что творят. Только я могу все исправить"
В эфирах Моисеева начала транслироваться идея о том, что адвокаты ни на шаг не продвинулись. Никакого толка от них нет. Все суды проигрывают. Некоторые факты о достижениях адвокатов:
отказ в иске ФНС о признании кооператива банкротом;
снятие ареста со всех квартир ПК;
снятие ареста со вновь поступающих средств;
изменение меры пресечения на домашний арест для троих наших девочек.
Список будем продолжать …
И рассмотрим, какие достижения у нашего "спасателя":
помогал пайщикам оформлять право собственности на квартиру после полной выплаты пая. Упустим вопрос о том, сколько стоили эти услуги помощника в комплексе с цессией. Лишь обратим внимание на то что: образец искового заявления предоставлял кооператив. Отзыв для суда готовил кооператив. Положительную судебную практику прикладывал кооператив. Разъяснения, комментарии, инструкции, персональная помощь в заполнении - все это делалось силами кооператива. И все это бесплатно. А потом ещё кооператив добился от Росреестра, чтобы аресты с квартир сняли на основании полученного адвокатами кооператива Постановления.
Ай яй яй … Кажется, кто-то потерял весомую часть заработка И, кажется, кому-то было бы на руку новое наложение ареста на квартиры. Например, из-за невозможности оплатить налоги.
иски об административном правонарушении - ни одного выигранного.
порядка 60 выигранных дел "о неосновательном обогащении" в разных инстанциях.
Этим он действительно очень помог многим людям. И сложилась устойчивая судебная практика по этому вопросу. Это бесспорная помощь людям.
Только к кооперативу это не имеет никакого отношения!
И поймите, что это 60 одинаковых гражданских дел. Когда нашел путь, как выигрывать, потом остаётся только фамилии в отзывах менять. И действовать по шаблону. Тем более, что противоположная сторона подаёт такие же шаблонные иски.
И известны имена других юристов –честных и порядочных, занимающихся такими же делами, и не кричащих из каждого утюга, что они незаменимы и срочно нужно избрать их Председателями всея кооперативов.
Думайте. Может быть для Вас создали иллюзию всегда выигрывающего юриста? А на самом деле это только шаблонные дела совершенно другого профиля.
Так как же он может помочь адвокатам кооператива, если положительного опыта в этом ключе у него нет. Почему так настаивает на вхождении в процесс и так настойчиво требует сотрудничества?
Кому необходима эта помощь? Может быть это в интересах наших недругов?
Если с "нужным человеком" будут адвокаты ПК сотрудничать, делиться документами, наработками, идеями.. Кто от этого будет в плюсе? Недруги будут знать о каждом шаге адвокатов наперед. И смогут нейтрализовать старания. Ура. Занавес.
"Почта у них неофициальная"
Странно, что только сейчас электронная почта кооператива стала подвергаться сомнению и официальности. Совсем недавно, зарабатывая деньги на цессиях, Моисеев не стеснялся отправлять именно на эту почту запросы для пайщиков. За справками/договорами цессии/расчётами он сам обращался именно на эту электронную почту. А теперь она стала "левой". И эта мысль активно людям внушается в видеоэфирах.
Что же случилось с почтой именно сейчас? Кооператив не пошел слепо на поводу у чьих-то желаний?
Инициативная группа, выходи!
Уже дважды или трижды в видеоэфирах проскальзывала фраза о том, что наш товарищ-спасатель советуется с некой инициативной группой из госорганов. Это не волонтеры, которые действительно защищают свои регионы. Это какая-то другая группа лиц, никому не известная и вопросы о которой активно удаляются из чата, который Моисееву с его слов в полиции «не принадлежит».
И немного юмора
Урок математики в школе.
Учитель:
- сколько будет дважды два?
Мойша с первой парты:
- а мы покупаем или продаем?
Всегда надо помнить древнейшую мудрость: "Не сотвори себе кумира". Ведь у "кумира" могут быть свои планы. Сопоставляйте факты.
Всем здравомыслия.
Japan’s scenic hot springs town restricting tourists amid fights over the best photo spots
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Ginzan Onsen, a popular Japanese hot spring town known for its scenic snowy views, has begun limiting entry to day trippers during winter peak season, becoming another destination to tackle overtourism amid the country’s record influx of travelers.
Located in the Yamagata region about 260 miles north of Tokyo, the onsen is one of the most famous in Japan, drawing around 330,000 visitors each year.
Travelers from around the world flock to the 300-year-old town during winter not only for a dip in the onsen but its picturesque scenery of traditional Edo-period buildings blanketed in snow – speculated to be the inspiration for Oscar-winning animator Hayao Miyazaki’s film Spirited Away.
But its popularity has also caused problems for residents in the otherwise tranquil town, with reports of altercations over photo spots and parking places.
“Many guests became angry (were shouting) over good spots for the purpose of taking pictures, leading to traffic rules being broken, cheating, and making people seek better places and easier ways than others,” the onsen said on its website, regretting that its “vague management” had caused issues.
Starting January 7, those wanting to enter the onsen town after 5pm will be required to purchase a ticket, according to Ginzan Onsen Information Center. Visitors without bookings at local hotels will be banned after 8pm.
Tickets, including the bus rides, cost 1150 yen, about $7.
Those driving themselves will be required to park at a nearby tourist center and use shuttle buses to get into the town.
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Dubai is building the world’s tallest residential clock tower
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Dubai is set to add another towering figure to its skyline.
The Aeternitas Tower, officially unveiled at a launch event last week, will be the world’s tallest residential clock tower at a staggering 450 meters (1,476 feet) tall — more than four times the height of London’s Big Ben, and just 22 meters (72 feet) short of the world’s tallest residential building, the Central Park Tower in New York City.
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Set to become the world’s second-tallest clock tower (after the Makkah Clock Royal Tower in Mecca, Saudi Arabia), Aeternitas Tower is the result of a partnership between Dubai-based real estate developer London Gate and Swiss luxury watch manufacturer Franck Muller.
London Gate purchased the plot of land in Dubai Marina, which already had the beginnings of an unfinished 106-story structure — and knew that the tower’s monumental size needed a striking facade, said Tom Hill, media relations coordinator for the developer.
“We believe the clock will be seen from six kilometers away because of the sheer height of the building,” said Hill, adding that the clock face will be an enormous 40 meters (131 feet) tall and 30 meters (98 feet) wide.
“We wanted to do something different that hasn’t been done before in Dubai,” said Hill.
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Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky will meet US President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris in Washington on Thursday. Leon Neal/Getty Images
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Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky’s visit to the White House on Thursday could be his final chance to convince a receptive American president of his country’s war aims.
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The precise details of the “victory plan” Zelensky plans to present in separate meetings to President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris are unknown, having been closely held until they are presented to the American leaders.
But according to people briefed on its broad contours, the plan reflects the Ukrainian leader’s urgent appeals for more immediate help countering Russia’s invasion. Zelensky is also poised to push for long-term security guarantees that could withstand changes in American leadership ahead of what is widely expected to be a close presidential election between Harris and former President Donald Trump.
The plan, people familiar with it said, acts as Zelensky’s response to growing war weariness even among his staunchest of western allies. It will make the case that Ukraine can still win — and does not need to cede Russian-seized territory for the fighting to end — if enough assistance is rushed in.
That includes again asking permission to fire Western provided long-range weapons deeper into Russian territory, a line Biden once was loathe to cross but which he’s recently appeared more open to as he has come under growing pressure to relent.
Even if Biden decides to allow the long-range fires, it’s unclear whether the change in policy would be announced publicly.
Biden is usually apt to take his time making decisions about providing Ukraine new capabilities. But with November’s election potentially portending a major change in American approach to the war if Trump were to win, Ukrainian officials — and many American ones — believe there is little time to waste.
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Trump has claimed he will be able to “settle” the war upon taking office and has suggested he’ll end US support for Kyiv’s war effort.
“Those cities are gone, they’re gone, and we continue to give billions of dollars to a man who refused to make a deal, Zelensky. There was no deal that he could have made that wouldn’t have been better than the situation you have right now. You have a country that has been obliterated, not possible to be rebuilt,” Trump said during a campaign speech in Mint Hill, North Carolina, on Wednesday.
Comments like those have lent new weight to Thursday’s Oval Office talks, according to American and European officials, who have described an imperative to surge assistance to Ukraine while Biden is still in office.
As part of Zelensky’s visit, the US is expected to announce a major new security package, thought it will likely delay the shipping of the equipment due to inventory shortages, CNN previously reported according to two US officials. On Wednesday, the US announced a package of $375 million.
The president previewed Zelensky’s visit to the White House a day beforehand, declaring on the margins of the United Nations General Assembly his administration was “determined to ensure that Ukraine has what it needs to prevail in fight for survival.”
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“Tomorrow, I will announce a series of actions to accelerate support for Ukraine’s military – but we know Ukraine’s future victory is about more than what happens on the battlefield, it’s also about what Ukrainians do make the most of a free and independent future, which so many have sacrificed so much for,” he said.
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Преимущества онлайн-образования в России
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Онлайн-образование в России продолжает активно развиваться, предлагая людям всё больше возможностей для получения знаний и профессионального роста. Сейчас его популярность достигла новых высот благодаря технологическим инновациям, доступности и гибкости. В этой статье мы рассмотрим ключевые преимущества онлайн-образования, которые делают его столь востребованным в современном обществе.
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Онлайн-образование позволяет учиться в удобное время и в любом месте. Это особенно важно для людей, совмещающих работу, учёбу и семейные обязанности. Например, студентка Мария из Новосибирска отмечает: «Благодаря онлайн-курсам я могу совмещать работу в IT-компании с изучением UX-дизайна». Эксперты также подтверждают, что гибкость форматов — от видеолекций до интерактивных заданий — делает обучение доступным для всех возрастных групп.
Согласно данным исследования Университета онлайн-образования, 78% студентов отмечают, что возможность самостоятельно выбирать график занятий позволяет им сохранять мотивацию на протяжении всего курса. Кроме того, гибкость позволяет студентам адаптировать обучение под свою занятость, что делает его идеальным решением для работающих специалистов и родителей.
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The most exciting new trains coming in 2025
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Amazing adventures, extraordinary landscapes and fabulous cuisine — the world’s greatest railway journeys are an unforgettable experience that can immerse you in the culture of a new country.
Demand for luxury “land cruise” trains with five-star hotel-style accommodation is booming. 2025 will see several new trains take to the rails for the first time, offering new opportunities to explore Italy, France, Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom.
But the best railway journeys don’t have to be the most expensive. There’s an ever-evolving world of train trips out there. Here are some of the key developments in the coming year
Two of Europe’s great capitals are now linked by their first direct high-speed train connection. Germany’s Deutsche Bahn introduced a daytime InterCity Express (ICE) service between Paris and Berlin on December 16 and is planning to add a second route between the two capitals in 2026.
Taking advantage of its new fleet of 200 mph (322 kph) ICE3neo trains, the once-a-day service takes around eight hours in each direction, also serving Strasbourg, Karlsruhe and Frankfurt on its 546-mile (878-kilometer) journey.
Fares start from around $60, and each train has capacity for 444 passengers, of which 111 can enjoy the additional comfort of leather seats and at-seat refreshments in first class.
The new high-speed ICE service is the first direct daytime train between Paris and Berlin since the 1990s and complements the Nightjet sleeper service introduced in 2023.
It may not be as fast as flying — some of the journey has to use lower speed “classic” lines to bridge gaps in the European high-speed network — but it is undoubtedly a more sustainable and more stylish way to travel across Europe.
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Welcome to the New World Order of automakers. Soon, only the big survive
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Honda and Nissan are the latest automakers to discuss combining forces. They won’t be the last.
The two Japanese automakers announced last week that they plan to merge and create the world’s third largest automaker. Details aren’t yet finalized, but they expect to announce the combination within six months.
Mergers in the auto industry are nothing new. They have taken place since the acquisition of various brands formed General Motors (GM) in the first decade of the 20th century. But experts say the Honda-Nissan deal could help to spark a string of combinations that could soon reshape the industry
“I think the environment is there for additional mergers,” said Jeff Schuster, global vice president of automotive research for GlobalData. “I don’t think Honda-Nissan will cause more deals to take place, although it could accelerate them.”
The factors driving possible deals, from technological change and the industry’s huge appetite for R&D and capital spending to thin profit margins, are numerous and powerful. The push toward consolidation is only going to get greater in coming decade. And it could be that only the biggest survive.
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Scientists have identified an estimated 10% of all species on Earth. Here’s what they found in 2024
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A toothy toadstool. A vegetarian piranha with a distinctive mark. And a pygmy pipehorse floating in the Indian Ocean shallows.
These wild wonders were among the hundreds of previously unknown species of animals, plants and fungi that scientists named and described for the first time in 2024, expanding our surprisingly limited knowledge of Earth’s diversity.
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“While it is critical to place protections on known threatened species, we must also allocate resources towards identifying unknown species that may be just as important to the functioning of an ecosystem,” Bennett said.
Researchers connected to the institution described 138 new species in 2024, including 32 fish. One standout was a pygmy pipehorse named Cylix nkosi. The seahorse relative was originally found in 2021 in the cool temperate waters surrounding the North Island of New Zealand, but the species described this year was discovered in the subtropical waters off South Africa, expanding the known range of this group to the Indian Ocean
“South African reefs present notoriously difficult diving conditions with rough weather and intense, choppy waves — we knew we only had one dive to find it,” underwater photographer and marine biologist Richard Smith said in a statement.
“This species is also quite cryptic, about the size of a golf tee, but luckily we spotted a female camouflaged against some sponges about a mile offshore on the sandy ocean floor.”
The researchers involved in describing the new species chose nkosi as its name. A reference to the local Zulu word for “chief,” the name reflects the species’ crown-like head shape and acknowledges South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province where it was found.
Most plane crashes are ‘survivable’
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First, the good news. “The vast majority of aircraft accidents are survivable, and the majority of people in accidents survive,” says Galea. Since 1988, aircraft — and the seats inside them — must be built to withstand an impact of up to 16G, or g-force up to 16 times the force of gravity. That means, he says, that in most incidents, “it’s possible to survive the trauma of the impact of the crash.”
For instance, he classes the initial Jeju Air incident as survivable — an assumed bird strike, engine loss and belly landing on the runway, without functioning landing gear. “Had it not smashed into the concrete reinforced obstacle at the end of the runway, it’s quite possible the majority, if not everyone, could have survived,” he says.
The Azerbaijan Airlines crash, on the other hand, he classes as a non-survivable accident, and calls it a “miracle” that anyone made it out alive.
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Most aircraft involved in accidents, however, are not — as suspicion is growing over the Azerbaijan crash — shot out of the sky.
And with modern planes built to withstand impacts and slow the spread of fire, Galea puts the chances of surviving a “survivable” accident at at least 90%.
Instead, he says, what makes the difference between life and death in most modern accidents is how fast passengers can evacuate.
Aircraft today must show that they can be evacuated in 90 seconds in order to gain certification. But a theoretical evacuation — practiced with volunteers at the manufacturers’ premises — is very different from the reality of a panicked public onboard a jet that has just crash-landed.
Galea, an evacuation expert, has conducted research for the UK’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) looking at the most “survivable” seats on a plane. His landmark research, conducted over several years in the early 2000s, looked at how passengers and crew behaved during a post-crash evacuation, rather than looking at the crashes themselves. By compiling data from 1,917 passengers and 155 crew involved in 105 accidents from 1977 to 1999, his team created a database of human behavior around plane crashes.
His analysis of which exits passengers actually used “shattered many myths about aircraft evacuation,” he says. “Prior to my study, it was believed that passengers tend to use their boarding exit because it was the most familiar, and that passengers tend to go forward. My analysis of the data demonstrated that none of these myths were supported by the evidence.”
The survivors of recent crashes were sitting at the back of the plane. What does that tell us about airplane safety?
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Look at the photos of the two fatal air crashes of the last two weeks, and amid the horror and the anguish, one thought might come to mind for frequent flyers.
The old frequent-flyer adage is that sitting at the back of the plane is a safer place to be than at the front — and the wreckage of both Azerbaijan Airlines flight 8243 and Jeju Air flight 2216 seem to bear that out.
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The 29 survivors of the Azeri crash were all sitting at the back of the plane, which split into two, leaving the rear half largely intact. The sole survivors of the South Korean crash, meanwhile, were the two flight attendants in their jumpseats in the very tail of the plane.
So is that old adage — and the dark humor jokes about first and business class seats being good until there’s a problem with the plane — right after all?
In 2015, TIME Magazine reporters wrote that they had combed through the records of all US plane crashes with both fatalities and survivors from 1985 to 2000, and found in a meta-analysis that seats in the back third of the aircraft had a 32% fatality rate overall, compared with 38% in the front third and 39% in the middle third.
Even better, they found, were middle seats in that back third of the cabin, with a 28% fatality rate. The “worst” seats were aisles in the middle third of the aircraft, with a 44% fatality rate.
But does that still hold true in 2024?
According to aviation safety experts, it’s an old wives’ tale.
“There isn’t any data that shows a correlation of seating to survivability,” says Hassan Shahidi, president of the Flight Safety Foundation. “Every accident is different.”
“If we’re talking about a fatal crash, then there is almost no difference where one sits,” says Cheng-Lung Wu, associate professor at the School of Aviation of the University of New South Wales, Sydney.
Ed Galea, professor of fire safety engineering at London’s University of Greenwich, who has conducted landmark studies on plane crash evacuations, warns, “There is no magic safest seat.”
A year ago today, things went from bad to worse for Boeing
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At 5 p.m. PT on January 5, 2024, Boeing seemed like a company on the upswing. It didn’t last. Minutes later, a near-tragedy set off a full year of problems.
As Alaska Airlines flight 1282 climbed to 16,000 feet in its departure from Portland, Oregon, a door plug blew out near the rear of the plane, leaving a gaping hole in the fuselage. Phones and clothing were ripped away from passengers and sent hurtling into the night sky. Oxygen masks dropped, and the rush of air twisted seats next to the hole toward the opening.
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Fortunately, those were among the few empty seats on the flight, and the crew got the plane on the ground without any serious injuries. The incident could have been far worse — even a fatal crash.
Not much has gone right for Boeing ever since. The company has had one misstep after another, ranging from embarrassing to horrifying. And many of the problems are poised to extend into 2025 and perhaps beyond.
The problems were capped by another Boeing crash in South Korea that killed 179 people on December 29 in what was in the year’s worst aviation disaster. The cause of the crash of a 15-year old Boeing jet flown by Korean discount carrier Jeju Air is still under investigation, and it is quite possible that Boeing will not be found liable for anything that led to the tragedy.
But unlike the Jeju crash, most of the problems of the last 12 months have clearly been Boeing’s fault.
And 2024 was the sixth straight year of serious problems for the once proud, now embattled company, starting with the 20-month grounding of its best selling plane, the 737 Max, following two fatal crashes in late 2018 and early 2019, which killed 346 people.
Still the outlook for 2024 right before the Alaska Air incident had been somewhat promising. The company had just achieved the best sales month in its history in December 2023, capping its strongest sales year since 2018.
It was believed to be on the verge of getting Federal Aviation Administration approval for two new models, the 737 Max 7 and Max 10, with airline customers eager to take delivery. Approvals and deliveries of its next generation widebody, the 777X, were believed to be close behind. Its production rate had been climbing and there were hopes that it could be on the verge of returning to profitability for the first time since 2018.
New Glenn’s first flight
Blue Origin formally announced the development of New Glenn — which aims to outpower SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rockets and haul spacecraft up to 45 metric tons (99,200 pounds) to orbit — in 2016.
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The vehicle is long overdue, as the company previously targeted 2020 for its first launch.
Delays, however, are common in the aerospace industry. And the debut flight of a new vehicle is almost always significantly behind schedule.
Rocket companies also typically take a conservative approach to the first liftoff, launching dummy payloads such as hunks of metal or, as was the case with SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy debut in 2018, an old cherry red sports car.
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Blue Origin has also branded itself as a company that aims to take a slow, diligent approach to rocket development that doesn’t “cut any corners,” according to Bezos, who founded Blue Origin and funds the company.
The company’s mascot is a tortoise, paying homage to “The Tortoise and the Hare” fable that made the “slow and steady wins the race” mantra a childhood staple.
“We believe slow is smooth and smooth is fast,” Bezos said in 2016. Those comments could be seen as an attempt to position Blue Origin as the anti-SpaceX, which is known to embrace speed and trial-and-error over slow, meticulous development processes.
But SpaceX has certainly won the race to orbit. The company’s first orbital rocket, the Falcon 1, made a successful launch in September 2008. The company has deployed hundreds of missions to orbit since then.
And while SpaceX routinely destroys rockets during test flights as it begins developing a new rocket, the company has a solid track record for operational missions. SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket, for example, has experienced two in-flight failures and one launchpad explosion but no catastrophic events during human missions.
What’s on board this flight
Blue Origin had planned to launch a pair of Mars-bound satellites on behalf of NASA for the first flight of New Glenn.
But delays with the rocket’s development prompted the space agency to change course, moving that flight to this spring at the earliest. So for this inaugural flight, Blue Origin opted to instead fly a “demonstrator” that will test technology needed for the company’s proposed Blue Ring spacecraft — which will aim to serve as a sort of in-space rideshare vehicle, dragging satellites deeper into space when needed.
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The demonstrator on this New Glenn flight will remain aboard the rocket for the entire six-hour flight, Blue Origin said, and it will validate “communications capabilities from orbit to ground” as well as “test its in-space telemetry, tracking and command hardware, and ground-based radiometric tracking.”
The Blue Ring Pathfinder demonstrator is part of a deal Blue Origin inked with the US Department of Defense’s Defense Innovation Unit.
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Why Blue Origin wants to reuse rockets
Similar to SpaceX, Blue Origin is aiming to recover and refly its first-stage rocket boosters in a bid to make launches less expensive.
“Reusability is integral to radically reducing cost-per-launch,” the company said in a recent news release, using the same oft-repeated sentiment that SpaceX has touted since it began landing rocket boosters in 2015.
Bezos, however, has acknowledged the importance of reusing rocket parts since he founded the company in 2000 — two years before Musk established SpaceX. And the company has already developed its suborbital New Shepard tourism rocket to be reusable.
“It’s not a copy cat game,” Henry said. “Blue Origin has been pursuing reusable vehicles since before reusable vehicles were cool. Now it’s much more of a mainstream idea (because of SpaceX). The difference is that it’s taken Blue Origin so much longer to get to orbit.”
If successful, returning the New Glenn rocket booster for a safe landing will be a stunning feat. After expending most of its fuel to propel the rocket’s upper stage to space, the first-stage booster will need to make a clean separation. The booster must then maneuver with pinpoint guidance and reignite its engines with precision timing to avoid crashing into the ocean or the Jacklyn recovery platform.
What New Glenn will do
In some ways, New Glenn has already made its mark on the launch industry. Blue Origin has for years pitched the rocket to compete with both SpaceX and United Launch Alliance — a joint venture of Boeing and Lockheed Martin that buys engines from Blue Origin — for lucrative military launch contracts.
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The US Space Force selected Blue Origin, ULA and SpaceX in June to compete for $5.6 billion worth of Pentagon contracts for national security missions slated to launch over the next four years.
Blue Origin also has deals with several commercial companies to launch satellites. The contracts include plans to help deploy Amazon’s Kuiper internet satellites and a recently inked deal with AST SpaceMobile to help launch the Midland, Texas-based company’s space-based cellular broadband network.
New Glenn could also be instrumental in building Blue Origin’s planned space station, called Orbital Reef. Blue Origin and it commercial partners, including Sierra Space and Boeing, among others, hope the station will one day provide a new destination for astronauts as the International Space Station is phased out of service.
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New Glenn vs. other powerful rockets
New Glenn packs significant power. Dubbed a “heavy-lift” vehicle, its capabilities lie between SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket and the more powerful Falcon Heavy launch vehicle.
SpaceX’s workhorse Falcon 9, for example, can haul up to 22.8 metric tons (50,265 pounds) to space. While New Glenn is capable of carrying about double that mass, it may also be roughly the same price as a Falcon 9: reportedly around $60 million to $70 million per launch.
“I think in order to compete with Falcon 9, you have to go head-to-head or better on price,” said Caleb Henry, the director of research at Quilty Space, which provides data and analysis about the space sector.
The question, however, is whether Blue Origin will be able to sustain a competitive price point, Henry added.
Still, one feature that makes New Glenn stand out is its large payload fairing, or nose cone. The component protects the cargo bay and is a whopping 23 feet (7 meters) wide — nearly 6 feet (2 meters) larger than that of SpaceX’s Falcon 9 or Falcon Heavy.
Henry said Blue Origin likely opted to outfit New Glenn with such a large fairing in order to help fulfill Bezos’ vision of the future.
A year ago today, things went from bad to worse for Boeing
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At 5 p.m. PT on January 5, 2024, Boeing seemed like a company on the upswing. It didn’t last. Minutes later, a near-tragedy set off a full year of problems.
As Alaska Airlines flight 1282 climbed to 16,000 feet in its departure from Portland, Oregon, a door plug blew out near the rear of the plane, leaving a gaping hole in the fuselage. Phones and clothing were ripped away from passengers and sent hurtling into the night sky. Oxygen masks dropped, and the rush of air twisted seats next to the hole toward the opening.
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Fortunately, those were among the few empty seats on the flight, and the crew got the plane on the ground without any serious injuries. The incident could have been far worse — even a fatal crash.
Not much has gone right for Boeing ever since. The company has had one misstep after another, ranging from embarrassing to horrifying. And many of the problems are poised to extend into 2025 and perhaps beyond.
The problems were capped by another Boeing crash in South Korea that killed 179 people on December 29 in what was in the year’s worst aviation disaster. The cause of the crash of a 15-year old Boeing jet flown by Korean discount carrier Jeju Air is still under investigation, and it is quite possible that Boeing will not be found liable for anything that led to the tragedy.
But unlike the Jeju crash, most of the problems of the last 12 months have clearly been Boeing’s fault.
And 2024 was the sixth straight year of serious problems for the once proud, now embattled company, starting with the 20-month grounding of its best selling plane, the 737 Max, following two fatal crashes in late 2018 and early 2019, which killed 346 people.
Still the outlook for 2024 right before the Alaska Air incident had been somewhat promising. The company had just achieved the best sales month in its history in December 2023, capping its strongest sales year since 2018.
It was believed to be on the verge of getting Federal Aviation Administration approval for two new models, the 737 Max 7 and Max 10, with airline customers eager to take delivery. Approvals and deliveries of its next generation widebody, the 777X, were believed to be close behind. Its production rate had been climbing and there were hopes that it could be on the verge of returning to profitability for the first time since 2018.
Most plane crashes are ‘survivable’
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First, the good news. “The vast majority of aircraft accidents are survivable, and the majority of people in accidents survive,” says Galea. Since 1988, aircraft — and the seats inside them — must be built to withstand an impact of up to 16G, or g-force up to 16 times the force of gravity. That means, he says, that in most incidents, “it’s possible to survive the trauma of the impact of the crash.”
For instance, he classes the initial Jeju Air incident as survivable — an assumed bird strike, engine loss and belly landing on the runway, without functioning landing gear. “Had it not smashed into the concrete reinforced obstacle at the end of the runway, it’s quite possible the majority, if not everyone, could have survived,” he says.
The Azerbaijan Airlines crash, on the other hand, he classes as a non-survivable accident, and calls it a “miracle” that anyone made it out alive.
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Most aircraft involved in accidents, however, are not — as suspicion is growing over the Azerbaijan crash — shot out of the sky.
And with modern planes built to withstand impacts and slow the spread of fire, Galea puts the chances of surviving a “survivable” accident at at least 90%.
Instead, he says, what makes the difference between life and death in most modern accidents is how fast passengers can evacuate.
Aircraft today must show that they can be evacuated in 90 seconds in order to gain certification. But a theoretical evacuation — practiced with volunteers at the manufacturers’ premises — is very different from the reality of a panicked public onboard a jet that has just crash-landed.
Galea, an evacuation expert, has conducted research for the UK’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) looking at the most “survivable” seats on a plane. His landmark research, conducted over several years in the early 2000s, looked at how passengers and crew behaved during a post-crash evacuation, rather than looking at the crashes themselves. By compiling data from 1,917 passengers and 155 crew involved in 105 accidents from 1977 to 1999, his team created a database of human behavior around plane crashes.
His analysis of which exits passengers actually used “shattered many myths about aircraft evacuation,” he says. “Prior to my study, it was believed that passengers tend to use their boarding exit because it was the most familiar, and that passengers tend to go forward. My analysis of the data demonstrated that none of these myths were supported by the evidence.”
Scientists have identified an estimated 10% of all species on Earth. Here’s what they found in 2024
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A toothy toadstool. A vegetarian piranha with a distinctive mark. And a pygmy pipehorse floating in the Indian Ocean shallows.
These wild wonders were among the hundreds of previously unknown species of animals, plants and fungi that scientists named and described for the first time in 2024, expanding our surprisingly limited knowledge of Earth’s diversity.
“Scientists estimate that we’ve identified only one-tenth of all species on Earth,” said Dr.
Shannon Bennett, chief of science at the California Academy of Sciences, in a statement.
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“While it is critical to place protections on known threatened species, we must also allocate resources towards identifying unknown species that may be just as important to the functioning of an ecosystem,” Bennett said.
Researchers connected to the institution described 138 new species in 2024, including 32 fish. One standout was a pygmy pipehorse named Cylix nkosi. The seahorse relative was originally found in 2021 in the cool temperate waters surrounding the North Island of New Zealand, but the species described this year was discovered in the subtropical waters off South Africa, expanding the known range of this group to the Indian Ocean
“South African reefs present notoriously difficult diving conditions with rough weather and intense, choppy waves — we knew we only had one dive to find it,” underwater photographer and marine biologist Richard Smith said in a statement.
“This species is also quite cryptic, about the size of a golf tee, but luckily we spotted a female camouflaged against some sponges about a mile offshore on the sandy ocean floor.”
The researchers involved in describing the new species chose nkosi as its name. A reference to the local Zulu word for “chief,” the name reflects the species’ crown-like head shape and acknowledges South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province where it was found.
The survivors of recent crashes were sitting at the back of the plane. What does that tell us about airplane safety?
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Look at the photos of the two fatal air crashes of the last two weeks, and amid the horror and the anguish, one thought might come to mind for frequent flyers.
The old frequent-flyer adage is that sitting at the back of the plane is a safer place to be than at the front — and the wreckage of both Azerbaijan Airlines flight 8243 and Jeju Air flight 2216 seem to bear that out.
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The 29 survivors of the Azeri crash were all sitting at the back of the plane, which split into two, leaving the rear half largely intact. The sole survivors of the South Korean crash, meanwhile, were the two flight attendants in their jumpseats in the very tail of the plane.
So is that old adage — and the dark humor jokes about first and business class seats being good until there’s a problem with the plane — right after all?
In 2015, TIME Magazine reporters wrote that they had combed through the records of all US plane crashes with both fatalities and survivors from 1985 to 2000, and found in a meta-analysis that seats in the back third of the aircraft had a 32% fatality rate overall, compared with 38% in the front third and 39% in the middle third.
Even better, they found, were middle seats in that back third of the cabin, with a 28% fatality rate. The “worst” seats were aisles in the middle third of the aircraft, with a 44% fatality rate.
But does that still hold true in 2024?
According to aviation safety experts, it’s an old wives’ tale.
“There isn’t any data that shows a correlation of seating to survivability,” says Hassan Shahidi, president of the Flight Safety Foundation. “Every accident is different.”
“If we’re talking about a fatal crash, then there is almost no difference where one sits,” says Cheng-Lung Wu, associate professor at the School of Aviation of the University of New South Wales, Sydney.
Ed Galea, professor of fire safety engineering at London’s University of Greenwich, who has conducted landmark studies on plane crash evacuations, warns, “There is no magic safest seat.”
New Glenn’s first flight
Blue Origin formally announced the development of New Glenn — which aims to outpower SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rockets and haul spacecraft up to 45 metric tons (99,200 pounds) to orbit — in 2016.
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The vehicle is long overdue, as the company previously targeted 2020 for its first launch.
Delays, however, are common in the aerospace industry. And the debut flight of a new vehicle is almost always significantly behind schedule.
Rocket companies also typically take a conservative approach to the first liftoff, launching dummy payloads such as hunks of metal or, as was the case with SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy debut in 2018, an old cherry red sports car.
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Blue Origin has also branded itself as a company that aims to take a slow, diligent approach to rocket development that doesn’t “cut any corners,” according to Bezos, who founded Blue Origin and funds the company.
The company’s mascot is a tortoise, paying homage to “The Tortoise and the Hare” fable that made the “slow and steady wins the race” mantra a childhood staple.
“We believe slow is smooth and smooth is fast,” Bezos said in 2016. Those comments could be seen as an attempt to position Blue Origin as the anti-SpaceX, which is known to embrace speed and trial-and-error over slow, meticulous development processes.
But SpaceX has certainly won the race to orbit. The company’s first orbital rocket, the Falcon 1, made a successful launch in September 2008. The company has deployed hundreds of missions to orbit since then.
And while SpaceX routinely destroys rockets during test flights as it begins developing a new rocket, the company has a solid track record for operational missions. SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket, for example, has experienced two in-flight failures and one launchpad explosion but no catastrophic events during human missions.
What New Glenn will do
In some ways, New Glenn has already made its mark on the launch industry. Blue Origin has for years pitched the rocket to compete with both SpaceX and United Launch Alliance — a joint venture of Boeing and Lockheed Martin that buys engines from Blue Origin — for lucrative military launch contracts.
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The US Space Force selected Blue Origin, ULA and SpaceX in June to compete for $5.6 billion worth of Pentagon contracts for national security missions slated to launch over the next four years.
Blue Origin also has deals with several commercial companies to launch satellites. The contracts include plans to help deploy Amazon’s Kuiper internet satellites and a recently inked deal with AST SpaceMobile to help launch the Midland, Texas-based company’s space-based cellular broadband network.
New Glenn could also be instrumental in building Blue Origin’s planned space station, called Orbital Reef. Blue Origin and it commercial partners, including Sierra Space and Boeing, among others, hope the station will one day provide a new destination for astronauts as the International Space Station is phased out of service.
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New Glenn vs. other powerful rockets
New Glenn packs significant power. Dubbed a “heavy-lift” vehicle, its capabilities lie between SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket and the more powerful Falcon Heavy launch vehicle.
SpaceX’s workhorse Falcon 9, for example, can haul up to 22.8 metric tons (50,265 pounds) to space. While New Glenn is capable of carrying about double that mass, it may also be roughly the same price as a Falcon 9: reportedly around $60 million to $70 million per launch.
“I think in order to compete with Falcon 9, you have to go head-to-head or better on price,” said Caleb Henry, the director of research at Quilty Space, which provides data and analysis about the space sector.
The question, however, is whether Blue Origin will be able to sustain a competitive price point, Henry added.
Still, one feature that makes New Glenn stand out is its large payload fairing, or nose cone. The component protects the cargo bay and is a whopping 23 feet (7 meters) wide — nearly 6 feet (2 meters) larger than that of SpaceX’s Falcon 9 or Falcon Heavy.
Henry said Blue Origin likely opted to outfit New Glenn with such a large fairing in order to help fulfill Bezos’ vision of the future.
What’s on board this flight
Blue Origin had planned to launch a pair of Mars-bound satellites on behalf of NASA for the first flight of New Glenn.
But delays with the rocket’s development prompted the space agency to change course, moving that flight to this spring at the earliest. So for this inaugural flight, Blue Origin opted to instead fly a “demonstrator” that will test technology needed for the company’s proposed Blue Ring spacecraft — which will aim to serve as a sort of in-space rideshare vehicle, dragging satellites deeper into space when needed.
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The demonstrator on this New Glenn flight will remain aboard the rocket for the entire six-hour flight, Blue Origin said, and it will validate “communications capabilities from orbit to ground” as well as “test its in-space telemetry, tracking and command hardware, and ground-based radiometric tracking.”
The Blue Ring Pathfinder demonstrator is part of a deal Blue Origin inked with the US Department of Defense’s Defense Innovation Unit.
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Why Blue Origin wants to reuse rockets
Similar to SpaceX, Blue Origin is aiming to recover and refly its first-stage rocket boosters in a bid to make launches less expensive.
“Reusability is integral to radically reducing cost-per-launch,” the company said in a recent news release, using the same oft-repeated sentiment that SpaceX has touted since it began landing rocket boosters in 2015.
Bezos, however, has acknowledged the importance of reusing rocket parts since he founded the company in 2000 — two years before Musk established SpaceX. And the company has already developed its suborbital New Shepard tourism rocket to be reusable.
“It’s not a copy cat game,” Henry said. “Blue Origin has been pursuing reusable vehicles since before reusable vehicles were cool. Now it’s much more of a mainstream idea (because of SpaceX). The difference is that it’s taken Blue Origin so much longer to get to orbit.”
If successful, returning the New Glenn rocket booster for a safe landing will be a stunning feat. After expending most of its fuel to propel the rocket’s upper stage to space, the first-stage booster will need to make a clean separation. The booster must then maneuver with pinpoint guidance and reignite its engines with precision timing to avoid crashing into the ocean or the Jacklyn recovery platform.
Scientists have identified an estimated 10% of all species on Earth. Here’s what they found in 2024
<a href=https://kra23c.cc>кракен вход</a>
A toothy toadstool. A vegetarian piranha with a distinctive mark. And a pygmy pipehorse floating in the Indian Ocean shallows.
These wild wonders were among the hundreds of previously unknown species of animals, plants and fungi that scientists named and described for the first time in 2024, expanding our surprisingly limited knowledge of Earth’s diversity.
“Scientists estimate that we’ve identified only one-tenth of all species on Earth,” said Dr.
Shannon Bennett, chief of science at the California Academy of Sciences, in a statement.
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“While it is critical to place protections on known threatened species, we must also allocate resources towards identifying unknown species that may be just as important to the functioning of an ecosystem,” Bennett said.
Researchers connected to the institution described 138 new species in 2024, including 32 fish. One standout was a pygmy pipehorse named Cylix nkosi. The seahorse relative was originally found in 2021 in the cool temperate waters surrounding the North Island of New Zealand, but the species described this year was discovered in the subtropical waters off South Africa, expanding the known range of this group to the Indian Ocean
“South African reefs present notoriously difficult diving conditions with rough weather and intense, choppy waves — we knew we only had one dive to find it,” underwater photographer and marine biologist Richard Smith said in a statement.
“This species is also quite cryptic, about the size of a golf tee, but luckily we spotted a female camouflaged against some sponges about a mile offshore on the sandy ocean floor.”
The researchers involved in describing the new species chose nkosi as its name. A reference to the local Zulu word for “chief,” the name reflects the species’ crown-like head shape and acknowledges South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal province where it was found.
Most plane crashes are ‘survivable’
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First, the good news. “The vast majority of aircraft accidents are survivable, and the majority of people in accidents survive,” says Galea. Since 1988, aircraft — and the seats inside them — must be built to withstand an impact of up to 16G, or g-force up to 16 times the force of gravity. That means, he says, that in most incidents, “it’s possible to survive the trauma of the impact of the crash.”
For instance, he classes the initial Jeju Air incident as survivable — an assumed bird strike, engine loss and belly landing on the runway, without functioning landing gear. “Had it not smashed into the concrete reinforced obstacle at the end of the runway, it’s quite possible the majority, if not everyone, could have survived,” he says.
The Azerbaijan Airlines crash, on the other hand, he classes as a non-survivable accident, and calls it a “miracle” that anyone made it out alive.
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Most aircraft involved in accidents, however, are not — as suspicion is growing over the Azerbaijan crash — shot out of the sky.
And with modern planes built to withstand impacts and slow the spread of fire, Galea puts the chances of surviving a “survivable” accident at at least 90%.
Instead, he says, what makes the difference between life and death in most modern accidents is how fast passengers can evacuate.
Aircraft today must show that they can be evacuated in 90 seconds in order to gain certification. But a theoretical evacuation — practiced with volunteers at the manufacturers’ premises — is very different from the reality of a panicked public onboard a jet that has just crash-landed.
Galea, an evacuation expert, has conducted research for the UK’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) looking at the most “survivable” seats on a plane. His landmark research, conducted over several years in the early 2000s, looked at how passengers and crew behaved during a post-crash evacuation, rather than looking at the crashes themselves. By compiling data from 1,917 passengers and 155 crew involved in 105 accidents from 1977 to 1999, his team created a database of human behavior around plane crashes.
His analysis of which exits passengers actually used “shattered many myths about aircraft evacuation,” he says. “Prior to my study, it was believed that passengers tend to use their boarding exit because it was the most familiar, and that passengers tend to go forward. My analysis of the data demonstrated that none of these myths were supported by the evidence.”
The survivors of recent crashes were sitting at the back of the plane. What does that tell us about airplane safety?
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Look at the photos of the two fatal air crashes of the last two weeks, and amid the horror and the anguish, one thought might come to mind for frequent flyers.
The old frequent-flyer adage is that sitting at the back of the plane is a safer place to be than at the front — and the wreckage of both Azerbaijan Airlines flight 8243 and Jeju Air flight 2216 seem to bear that out.
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The 29 survivors of the Azeri crash were all sitting at the back of the plane, which split into two, leaving the rear half largely intact. The sole survivors of the South Korean crash, meanwhile, were the two flight attendants in their jumpseats in the very tail of the plane.
So is that old adage — and the dark humor jokes about first and business class seats being good until there’s a problem with the plane — right after all?
In 2015, TIME Magazine reporters wrote that they had combed through the records of all US plane crashes with both fatalities and survivors from 1985 to 2000, and found in a meta-analysis that seats in the back third of the aircraft had a 32% fatality rate overall, compared with 38% in the front third and 39% in the middle third.
Even better, they found, were middle seats in that back third of the cabin, with a 28% fatality rate. The “worst” seats were aisles in the middle third of the aircraft, with a 44% fatality rate.
But does that still hold true in 2024?
According to aviation safety experts, it’s an old wives’ tale.
“There isn’t any data that shows a correlation of seating to survivability,” says Hassan Shahidi, president of the Flight Safety Foundation. “Every accident is different.”
“If we’re talking about a fatal crash, then there is almost no difference where one sits,” says Cheng-Lung Wu, associate professor at the School of Aviation of the University of New South Wales, Sydney.
Ed Galea, professor of fire safety engineering at London’s University of Greenwich, who has conducted landmark studies on plane crash evacuations, warns, “There is no magic safest seat.”
A year ago today, things went from bad to worse for Boeing
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At 5 p.m. PT on January 5, 2024, Boeing seemed like a company on the upswing. It didn’t last. Minutes later, a near-tragedy set off a full year of problems.
As Alaska Airlines flight 1282 climbed to 16,000 feet in its departure from Portland, Oregon, a door plug blew out near the rear of the plane, leaving a gaping hole in the fuselage. Phones and clothing were ripped away from passengers and sent hurtling into the night sky. Oxygen masks dropped, and the rush of air twisted seats next to the hole toward the opening.
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Fortunately, those were among the few empty seats on the flight, and the crew got the plane on the ground without any serious injuries. The incident could have been far worse — even a fatal crash.
Not much has gone right for Boeing ever since. The company has had one misstep after another, ranging from embarrassing to horrifying. And many of the problems are poised to extend into 2025 and perhaps beyond.
The problems were capped by another Boeing crash in South Korea that killed 179 people on December 29 in what was in the year’s worst aviation disaster. The cause of the crash of a 15-year old Boeing jet flown by Korean discount carrier Jeju Air is still under investigation, and it is quite possible that Boeing will not be found liable for anything that led to the tragedy.
But unlike the Jeju crash, most of the problems of the last 12 months have clearly been Boeing’s fault.
And 2024 was the sixth straight year of serious problems for the once proud, now embattled company, starting with the 20-month grounding of its best selling plane, the 737 Max, following two fatal crashes in late 2018 and early 2019, which killed 346 people.
Still the outlook for 2024 right before the Alaska Air incident had been somewhat promising. The company had just achieved the best sales month in its history in December 2023, capping its strongest sales year since 2018.
It was believed to be on the verge of getting Federal Aviation Administration approval for two new models, the 737 Max 7 and Max 10, with airline customers eager to take delivery. Approvals and deliveries of its next generation widebody, the 777X, were believed to be close behind. Its production rate had been climbing and there were hopes that it could be on the verge of returning to profitability for the first time since 2018.
Chile’s President Boric leads journey to South Pole in historic trip
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Chile’s President Gabriel Boric travelled to Antarctica’s South Pole on Friday, a place where no other Latin American president has set foot, according to the Chilean government.
Boric led the historic two-day trip, named Operation Pole Star III, to extend the environmental monitoring of pollutants on Antarctica, Chile’s government said in a statement.
He travelled with scientists, armed forces commanders and government ministers from the Chilean capital of Santiago to Punta Arenas, a city in southern Chile, public broadcaster Television Nacional de Chile (TVN) reported. From there, they made several stops before finally reaching the US-run Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, according to TVN.
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Chile is one of seven countries that has a territorial claim in Antarctica, alongside Argentina, Australia, France, New Zealand, Norway and the United Kingdom.
It is also a signatory of the Antarctic Treaty, which dictates that the continent may only be used for peaceful and scientific purposes.
While Chile has historically carried out scientific activity in Antarctica’s northern sector, the country’s government is now hoping to expand research into the west of the continent, its statement said.
Boric called his trip to the South Pole an “honor” and a source of pride, TVN reported.
“This is a milestone for us. It is the first time a Chilean and Latin American President has visited the South Pole,” he said, according to TVN.
On a long-dormant pad in Florida, a rocket that could challenge SpaceX’s dominance is poised to launch
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On a Florida launchpad that has been dormant for almost two decades, a new, roughly 320-foot (98-meter) rocket — developed by Jeff Bezos’ company Blue Origin — is poised for its maiden flight.
The uncrewed launch vehicle, called New Glenn, will mark Blue Origin’s first attempt to send a rocket to orbit, a feat necessary if the company hopes to chip away at SpaceX’s long-held dominance in the industry.
New Glenn is set to lift off from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station as early as next week.
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The rocket, which stands about as tall as a 30-story building, consists of several parts: The first-stage rocket booster gives the initial thrust at liftoff. Atop the booster is an upper rocket stage that includes a cargo bay protected by a nose cone that will house experimental technology for this mission.
And, in an attempt to replicate the success that SpaceX has found reusing rocket boosters over the past decade, Blue Origin will also aim to guide New Glenn’s first-stage rocket booster back to a safe landing on a seafaring platform — named Jacklyn for Bezos’ mother — minutes after takeoff.
Like SpaceX, Blue Origin will seek to recover, refurbish and reuse first-stage rocket boosters to drive down costs.
For this inaugural mission, a smooth flight is not guaranteed.
But the eventual success of New Glenn, named after storied NASA astronaut John Glenn, is instrumental to some of Blue Origin’s most ambitious goals.
The rocket could one day power national security launches, haul Amazon internet satellites to space and even help in the construction of a space station that Blue Origin is developing with commercial partners.
New Glenn’s first flight
Blue Origin formally announced the development of New Glenn — which aims to outpower SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rockets and haul spacecraft up to 45 metric tons (99,200 pounds) to orbit — in 2016.
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The vehicle is long overdue, as the company previously targeted 2020 for its first launch.
Delays, however, are common in the aerospace industry. And the debut flight of a new vehicle is almost always significantly behind schedule.
Rocket companies also typically take a conservative approach to the first liftoff, launching dummy payloads such as hunks of metal or, as was the case with SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy debut in 2018, an old cherry red sports car.
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Blue Origin has also branded itself as a company that aims to take a slow, diligent approach to rocket development that doesn’t “cut any corners,” according to Bezos, who founded Blue Origin and funds the company.
The company’s mascot is a tortoise, paying homage to “The Tortoise and the Hare” fable that made the “slow and steady wins the race” mantra a childhood staple.
“We believe slow is smooth and smooth is fast,” Bezos said in 2016. Those comments could be seen as an attempt to position Blue Origin as the anti-SpaceX, which is known to embrace speed and trial-and-error over slow, meticulous development processes.
But SpaceX has certainly won the race to orbit. The company’s first orbital rocket, the Falcon 1, made a successful launch in September 2008. The company has deployed hundreds of missions to orbit since then.
And while SpaceX routinely destroys rockets during test flights as it begins developing a new rocket, the company has a solid track record for operational missions. SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket, for example, has experienced two in-flight failures and one launchpad explosion but no catastrophic events during human missions.
What New Glenn will do
In some ways, New Glenn has already made its mark on the launch industry. Blue Origin has for years pitched the rocket to compete with both SpaceX and United Launch Alliance — a joint venture of Boeing and Lockheed Martin that buys engines from Blue Origin — for lucrative military launch contracts.
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The US Space Force selected Blue Origin, ULA and SpaceX in June to compete for $5.6 billion worth of Pentagon contracts for national security missions slated to launch over the next four years.
Blue Origin also has deals with several commercial companies to launch satellites. The contracts include plans to help deploy Amazon’s Kuiper internet satellites and a recently inked deal with AST SpaceMobile to help launch the Midland, Texas-based company’s space-based cellular broadband network.
New Glenn could also be instrumental in building Blue Origin’s planned space station, called Orbital Reef. Blue Origin and it commercial partners, including Sierra Space and Boeing, among others, hope the station will one day provide a new destination for astronauts as the International Space Station is phased out of service.
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New Glenn vs. other powerful rockets
New Glenn packs significant power. Dubbed a “heavy-lift” vehicle, its capabilities lie between SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket and the more powerful Falcon Heavy launch vehicle.
SpaceX’s workhorse Falcon 9, for example, can haul up to 22.8 metric tons (50,265 pounds) to space. While New Glenn is capable of carrying about double that mass, it may also be roughly the same price as a Falcon 9: reportedly around $60 million to $70 million per launch.
“I think in order to compete with Falcon 9, you have to go head-to-head or better on price,” said Caleb Henry, the director of research at Quilty Space, which provides data and analysis about the space sector.
The question, however, is whether Blue Origin will be able to sustain a competitive price point, Henry added.
Still, one feature that makes New Glenn stand out is its large payload fairing, or nose cone. The component protects the cargo bay and is a whopping 23 feet (7 meters) wide — nearly 6 feet (2 meters) larger than that of SpaceX’s Falcon 9 or Falcon Heavy.
Henry said Blue Origin likely opted to outfit New Glenn with such a large fairing in order to help fulfill Bezos’ vision of the future.
What’s on board this flight
Blue Origin had planned to launch a pair of Mars-bound satellites on behalf of NASA for the first flight of New Glenn.
But delays with the rocket’s development prompted the space agency to change course, moving that flight to this spring at the earliest. So for this inaugural flight, Blue Origin opted to instead fly a “demonstrator” that will test technology needed for the company’s proposed Blue Ring spacecraft — which will aim to serve as a sort of in-space rideshare vehicle, dragging satellites deeper into space when needed.
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The demonstrator on this New Glenn flight will remain aboard the rocket for the entire six-hour flight, Blue Origin said, and it will validate “communications capabilities from orbit to ground” as well as “test its in-space telemetry, tracking and command hardware, and ground-based radiometric tracking.”
The Blue Ring Pathfinder demonstrator is part of a deal Blue Origin inked with the US Department of Defense’s Defense Innovation Unit.
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Why Blue Origin wants to reuse rockets
Similar to SpaceX, Blue Origin is aiming to recover and refly its first-stage rocket boosters in a bid to make launches less expensive.
“Reusability is integral to radically reducing cost-per-launch,” the company said in a recent news release, using the same oft-repeated sentiment that SpaceX has touted since it began landing rocket boosters in 2015.
Bezos, however, has acknowledged the importance of reusing rocket parts since he founded the company in 2000 — two years before Musk established SpaceX. And the company has already developed its suborbital New Shepard tourism rocket to be reusable.
“It’s not a copy cat game,” Henry said. “Blue Origin has been pursuing reusable vehicles since before reusable vehicles were cool. Now it’s much more of a mainstream idea (because of SpaceX). The difference is that it’s taken Blue Origin so much longer to get to orbit.”
If successful, returning the New Glenn rocket booster for a safe landing will be a stunning feat. After expending most of its fuel to propel the rocket’s upper stage to space, the first-stage booster will need to make a clean separation. The booster must then maneuver with pinpoint guidance and reignite its engines with precision timing to avoid crashing into the ocean or the Jacklyn recovery platform.
Most plane crashes are ‘survivable’
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First, the good news. “The vast majority of aircraft accidents are survivable, and the majority of people in accidents survive,” says Galea. Since 1988, aircraft — and the seats inside them — must be built to withstand an impact of up to 16G, or g-force up to 16 times the force of gravity. That means, he says, that in most incidents, “it’s possible to survive the trauma of the impact of the crash.”
For instance, he classes the initial Jeju Air incident as survivable — an assumed bird strike, engine loss and belly landing on the runway, without functioning landing gear. “Had it not smashed into the concrete reinforced obstacle at the end of the runway, it’s quite possible the majority, if not everyone, could have survived,” he says.
The Azerbaijan Airlines crash, on the other hand, he classes as a non-survivable accident, and calls it a “miracle” that anyone made it out alive.
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Most aircraft involved in accidents, however, are not — as suspicion is growing over the Azerbaijan crash — shot out of the sky.
And with modern planes built to withstand impacts and slow the spread of fire, Galea puts the chances of surviving a “survivable” accident at at least 90%.
Instead, he says, what makes the difference between life and death in most modern accidents is how fast passengers can evacuate.
Aircraft today must show that they can be evacuated in 90 seconds in order to gain certification. But a theoretical evacuation — practiced with volunteers at the manufacturers’ premises — is very different from the reality of a panicked public onboard a jet that has just crash-landed.
Galea, an evacuation expert, has conducted research for the UK’s Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) looking at the most “survivable” seats on a plane. His landmark research, conducted over several years in the early 2000s, looked at how passengers and crew behaved during a post-crash evacuation, rather than looking at the crashes themselves. By compiling data from 1,917 passengers and 155 crew involved in 105 accidents from 1977 to 1999, his team created a database of human behavior around plane crashes.
His analysis of which exits passengers actually used “shattered many myths about aircraft evacuation,” he says. “Prior to my study, it was believed that passengers tend to use their boarding exit because it was the most familiar, and that passengers tend to go forward. My analysis of the data demonstrated that none of these myths were supported by the evidence.”